تحول کاربری اراضی در نواحی روستایی پیرامون شهر کاشان

در بستر زمان، عوامل و نیروهای درونی و بیرونی، هر یک به شکلی در روند تحولات سکونتگاه‌های روستایی تاثیرگذارند. به عبارتی کاربری اراضی سکونتگاه‌های روستایی و شهری به‌عنوان یک نظام مکانی فضایی دائم در حال تحول‌اند این تحولات از یکسو تحت تاثیر نیروها و روندهای درونی این نظام‌اند، و از طرفی از عوامل و نیروهای بیرونی که خود از سایر واقعیت‌های مکانی فضایی و یا غیر فضایی نشات می‌گیرند، تاثیر می‌پذیرند. بخش مرکزی کاشان نیز در حال تجربه این تحولات می‌باشد. این منطقه با بیش از 300 هزار نفر جمعیت، از مشکلاتی همچون، عدم تعادل فضایی، پراکنده رویی و تمرکز شدید رنج می‌برد. پیامد منطقی این تمرکز را می‌توان در رشد کالبدی شهر کاشان، خالی شدن سکنه روستاها، پدیدار شدن نابرابری‌های اجتماعی و اقتصادی، تخریب اراضی کشاورزی، بورس‌بازی زمین و رانت‌خواری، آسیب‌های اکولوژیکی و... مشاهده نمود. ازاین‌رو، تحلیل کاربری اراضی در این محدوده ضرورت دارد. برای این منظور نخست با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست 8 و با تکیه‌بر بعد ریخت‌شناسی ساختار فضایی، تغییرات کاربری اراضی استخراج، تحلیل و برای سال 1410 شبیه‌سازی می‌شود. در گام دوم، با استفاده از سه شاخص توزیع، خوشه‌بندی و تجمع، بر پایه داده‌های جمعیت در سال‌های مزبور، سیمای فضایی منطقه ترسیم می‌گردد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد، نظام کاربری اراضی منطقه به‌طور شدیدی متاثر از پدیده خزش شهری است، که این امر زمینه تحول کاربری‌های اراضی روستاها به‌ویژه اراضی کشاورزی را فراهم کرده است. همچنین، عوامل و نیروهای درونی و بیرونی مختلف با منشاء محیطی اکولوژیک، اجتماعی اقتصادی و کالبدی در تغییر کاربری اراضی اثرگذار بوده‌اند، که در این میان نقش منابع آب و جریان جمعیت از اهمیت بیشتری نسبت به دیگر عوامل برخوردار است. درواقع، روستاها به‌منزله عرصه تکمیلی برای کارکردهای شهر کاشان شده‌اند.

Land use Change in Rural Areas Around Kashan

Extended AbstractIntroductionLanduse and related developments are the results of a complex network of interactions between internal forces (naturalecological and socioeconomic environment)and a set of external factors that can be traced in an interconnected chain. Prerequisite for understanding these developments recognize the fundamental and important factors that shape these changes (Saeedi and Shafiei, 2008). These changes have forced planners in the process of land planning to carefully consider the issue of changes in the spatial system of landuse. Meanwhile, some researchers have focused on understanding land use change independently and based on studying the trend of change. Others have sought to understand the impact of demographic or environmental issues on land use change.MethodologyThis research is of a fundamentalapplied type and relies on both library and field methods and has investigated the factors influencing landuse changes. In the library method, by referring to various scientific sources, including books, articles, scientific reports and related documents, classification techniques, resource evaluation, notetaking and summarizing have been used. According to field research techniques, multitime remote sensing images and GIS, direct observation and interview methods have been used.Results and discussionKashan, is the significant administrative, political and economic center of Isfahan Province and mostpopulous cityin the region. Due to its special structure in providing various services and facilities, There are also cities outside the towns, so that perhaps the term exclusive usurpation of needs (Ehlers, 2001, 234) in the region can be best attributed to it. The study shows that in the last thirty years (19862016) the population and size of the city have expanded that itself has a direct relationship in the uses . Factors affecting landuse change in the central part of Kashan include: Sociocultural, economic and physical factors. As indicated earlier, the city of Kashan, due to its important economic position in the region as an important external factor, has affected the land use system of the surrounding villages. Accordingly, the trend of these changes is towards the destruction of more agricultural lands and increasing manmade uses. In 2017, the area of ​​lands built in the central part of Kashan reached 6995.75 hectares. Forecasts show that this figure will be added to 6996 hectares in 2031 which indicates physicalspatial conflicts in the study area. Table 6 shows the matrix of landuse changes during the years 13961381 in terms of percentage. The results of landuse changes show that in the study area, the highest change with 17.75% and barren lands with the lowest change of 0.009% had the lowest conversion rate to constructed lands.ConclusionsAccording to the research findings, in the study area, several internal and external factors have led to changes in the use of agricultural lands (agricultural and horticultural) from other uses. Also, analysis based on demographic indicators show the polarity of the population in Kashan city and surrounding villages and other villages in the district. Continuation of the current unbalanced spatialspatial trend have irreversible environmental consequences and, consequently, socioeconomic consequences. In addition to intensify urbanization in the region, lead to a sharp rate of migration of villagers to the city and depopulation of villages. This means increasing spatial imbalances in the region. The effects and consequences of this growth, meanwhile, increase the polarity of Kashan city and surrounding villages, which is associated with the focus on changing agricultural lands (agricultural and horticultural) to industrial manmade uses and related production units. Industrial and manufacturing uses, meanwhile, have had farreaching effects on environmental conditions due to their unbridled and uncontrolled nature. These include consequences such as the expansion of the city in rural areas and agricultural lands around the city, the destruction of small pastures in mountainous and mountainous areas, pollution of water and soil resources, air pollution and human problems caused by these pollutions. In addition, the logical result of agricultural landuse changes in the region exposes pressure on infrastructure networks such as water, gas, electricity, etc. Practical goals should be set to preserve the environment, the independence of the villages and to prevent dispersal. To facilitate the achievement of the mentioned content goals, in the process dimension, it is required to take the necessary measures to formulate the organizational, institutional and managerial structure.