نقش آب های سطحی در عملیات های دوران دفاع مقدس (مطالعه موردی: جبهه جنوبی)

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﻨﮓﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﯾﺮان رخ داده اﺳﺖ، ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﺮاﺳﺮی و ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ وﻗﺖ ﻋﺮاق، ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﺣﺰب ﺑﻌﺚ، ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎک آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﺳﺎل 1359 ﺗﺎ 1367 ﻃﻮل ﮐﺸﯿﺪ. در اﯾﻦ دوره ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﯾﺮان ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان دوران دﻓﺎع ﻣﻘﺪس از آن ﯾﺎد ﻣﯽ-ﺷﻮد، ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎتﻫﺎی آﻓﻨﺪی و ﭘﺪاﻓﻨﺪی ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ در ﻧﻮار ﻣﺮزی ﻏﺮب اﯾﺮان ﮐﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺳﻪ ﺟﺒﻬﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ و ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد، ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در ﺟﺒﻬﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﺟﻨﻮب ﻣﻬﺮان ﺗﺎ آﺑﺎدن و راساﻟﺒﯿﺸﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش دارد، ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖﺳﺎزﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎتﻫﺎی ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﺟﻨﮓ رخ داد. ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و وﺟﻮد آبﻫﺎی ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﻓﺮاوان ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ آب و ﺟﻨﮓ در اﯾﻦ ﺟﺒﻬﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. ﻧﺤﻮه ﮔﺮدآوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ آن، روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای و اﺳﻨﺎدی ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ آبﻫﺎی ﺳﻄﺤﯽ اﻋﻢ از رودﻫﺎ، ﻫﻮرﻫﺎ و ﮐﺎﻧﺎلﻫﺎی آب و آبﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ و ﺳﺪﻫﺎ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎتﻫﺎی آﻓﻨﺪی اﻋﻢ از ﻃﺮحرﯾﺰی، اﺟﺮا و ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎتﻫﺎی ﭘﺪاﻓﻨﺪی دارای ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاری ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاری از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻧﺎآﮔﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ و ﻧﺎﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ آبﻫﺎی ﺳﻄﺤﯽ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ آﮔﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ و ﻃﺮحرﯾﺰی ﺷﺪه در دو ﺷﮑﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺗﺎﮐﺘﯿﮏ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ آبﭘﺎﯾﻪ و اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی آبﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺻﻮل ﻧﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮاد ﮔﯿﺮد.

Investigating the Impact of Surface Waters on Holy Defense Operations on the Southern Front

One of the wars that have occurred in Iranian history is the extensive attack of the neighboring country, Iraq, which lasted from 1980 to 1987. In this period, which is mentioned in Iranian sources under the title of the Holy defense, there are offensive and defensive operations in the western border of Iran that can be divided into three Northern, Middle and South fronts. The most important and decisive operations of the war parties took place on the southern front, which is extended from the south of Mehran to Abadan and Ras alBisheh. Since the hydrological and geomorphological conditions of this front are such that it is possible to use water tactics or hydraulic warfare, this research has been developed to study the effect of surface water on the operations carried out there. How to collect information this research is based on its nature. That is, according to its historical nature, it has been compiled with library and documentary methods. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptiveanalytical method. The results showed that surface waters such as rivers, Hores and canals of water and dams in all phases of offensive operations, including designing, implementation and support, and especially defensive operations have had influential role and in each operation, have influenced several principles of nine principles of war.