بررسی نقش شرکت تعاونی دهیاریها در توسعه کالبدی-فضایی نواحی روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای بخش مرکزی شهرستان گرگان)

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﯿﺶ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎی اﺳﺎﺳﯽ زﯾﺴﺘﻦ در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداری از ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت رﻓﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻮده، ﻟﺬا ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت رﻓﺎﻫﯽ و ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی ﺗﻌﺎوﻧﯽ دﻫﯿﺎریﻫﺎ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ درآﻣﺪزاﯾﯽ، ﺧﻮدﮐﻔﺎﯾﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎی اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻓﻨﯽ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ دﻫﯿﺎریﻫﺎ در ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﯽ و ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﺎوﻧﯽ دﻫﯿﺎریﻫﺎ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﺮﮔﺎن ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎی ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﮐﺰی ﮔﺮﮔﺎن ﮐﻪ دارای 3 دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻮده و از ﻫﺮ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن 3 روﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ 5402 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺑﺰار ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪای ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ آن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﺳﺘﺎدان و ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎی ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار 83 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان، 359 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮار روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎی آﻣﺎری )ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ، ﮐﺎی اﺳﮑﻮﺋﺮ ﺗﮏﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪای و ﮐﺮوﺳﮑﺎل واﻟﯿﺲ( اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﮐﺎیاﺳﮑﻮﺋﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎی ﺗﻌﺎوﻧﯽ دﻫﯿﺎریﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ راﺑﻄﻪ 99 درﺻﺪی و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮآن آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار را ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮری ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺗﻌﺎوﻧﯽ دﻫﯿﺎریﻫﺎ در ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ و ﭘﺮرﻧﮓﺗﺮ و در ﺑﻌﻀﯽ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﻢ رﻧﮓﺗﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آزﻣﻮن ﮐﺮوﺳﮑﺎلواﻟﯿﺲ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮده و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آن در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﻬﻮد ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

Investigating the role of rural cooperatives in the physicalspatial development of rural areas (Case study: villages in the central part of Gorgan)

One of the basic prerequisites for living in rural communities is the availability of minimum facilities and welfare services. Various measures have been taken by related organizations in order to provide villagers with welfare and physical services. In order to establish a comprehensive correlation between rural development services and the creation of a support institution for rural managers, a coopment of the diner with the aim of intellectual and financial support from the Dehairan was formed in 2009. The formation of cooperatives in rural areas can contribute to the comprehensive development of villages and accelerate them more rapidly. The formation phase of cooperatives, income generation, selfsufficiency, and lowering the cost of production and increasing the quality of the project and, in general, participation in the development and services sectors. The main objective of this research is to investigate the role of cooperatives in the development of spatial physical services in rural areas of central part of Gorgan city. This research was done in the field of field studies and applied in practice. The community of this research includes rural diners and rural influences. The main instrument of the research is selfmade questionnaire by the researcher. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts and through the Cronbach alpha coefficient (alpha = 0.82). Correlation and meaningful correlations such as Friedman, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney were used to assess the public satisfaction of the spatial physical services of the cooperative. The results of the findings showed that the cooperatives in the areas of infrastructure and welfare services have managed to achieve success, but in the areas of space and rural development, they have not achieved much success, on the other hand, the lack of the enumeration of councils and cooperative members of the dormitories It is for such cooperatives to be one of the most important problems in relation to their duties.