حلّ چند ابهام در نفثةالمصدور زیدری

شهاب الدّین محمد زَیدَری نَسَوی (فوت: 647؟) نفثةالمصدور را چهار سال پس از مرگ جلال‌الدّین خوارزمشاه در سال 632 ق. به نثر مصنوع و متکلّف در شهر میافارقین به رشتۀ تحریر درآورد؛ تا شکایتِ آوارگی خود و ممدوحش را بر صفحات کاغذ بنگارد.  با وجود شرح ارزشمند و دقت نظر و تلاش کم نظیر استاد امیرحسن یزدگردی بر این کتاب و توضیح و شرح دیگر محقّقان محترم، با توجّه به دیریاب بودنِ معنا در نثر فنّی و متکلّف و وجود عبارات مغلق و ابهام در مرجع برخی ضمیرها، هنوز هم عبارت های مشکل باقی مانده است. در این جستار به روش استنادی  به شرح و حلّ و تکمیلِ مراد و معنای برخی کلمه ها و تعبیرها و عبارت های نفثةالمصدور پرداخته شد گاه نیز علائم نگارشی و حرکاتِ کلمه ها اصلاح گردید. پژوهش حاضر بر اساس شرح دکتر یزدگردی و به ترتیب صفحه های آن با هدف اصلاح و رفع ابهامات متن در حد مقدور انجام گرفت. سپس اگر سایر شارحان محترم در موارد مورد اشاره توضیحی داشته اند، آن نیز نقل گردید و آن گاه با توجه به سبک و سیاق عبارت و متن و با استناد به منابع معتبر تاریخی و لغوی به شرح و رفع ابهام پرداخته شد.

explaining and elucidating certain ambiguities in zaidari nasavi’s nafthat-al-masdur

zaidari’s prose writing is widely regarded as an artistic book according to the late dr. yazdgerdi’s explanation in a systematic manner. in contrast to the original text, which included the opinions of other scholars, this summary solely focuses on the author’s viewpoint and interpretation.page 1, line 6: “when the lord of the days bears the burden of events entwined, he wields the sword of severity in full force.”the salient point of significance here pertains to the aspect of burden, rather than the placement of “small loads on larger burdens”. in the greater khorasan region, the term “sarbari” holds two distinct meanings:firstly, it denotes a lightweight or minor object that is placed on or adjacent to a larger load after some time has elapsed from the movement of the pack animal.secondly, it refers to a person or object that interferes or becomes involved in a situation or environment without any necessity. with regards to the feminine phrase under consideration, the latter meaning is intended. the sword, in this context, serves as a lightweight weapon that instead becomes an encumbrance or vexation, causing pain and suffering to others—a burden that materializes during a caravan of unfortunate events, namely, the advent of the mongols.page 3, line 7: “from a pen that when it does not sit on black, performs white, and when sitting on white, performs black...”the meaning of “sitting on black” is to insert the nib of the pen into the black inkwell. considering that a pen filled with black ink creates valuable and useful books and writings, we take “whitework” to mean the good work of the pen and the beneficial effect it produces. the last meaning that the late ali-akbar dehkhoda wrote about “white-work” is true here.page 9, line 14: “and i had heard the news of the return of my desired army from the romans.”what was discussed in this article is about “rome” so that it can be definitively stated for the audience, with reference to historical sources, what is meant by “the army that has returned from the roman side”.page 14, line 8: “he attained a kind of madness, like that of a shoemaker’s device, in distress.”with reference to the tools used by traditional shoemakers, “a line like a shoemaker’s device” refers to the non-standard hooks that shoemakers use with a hammer to shape the leather into a shoe. the bad handwringing of zaidari’s rival is compared to this.page 42, line 8: “you couldn’t even pass through the ring with all your might, and breathing with all your delicacy...” (nasvi, 2020: 42).in this phrase, the &ring& refers to the ring of mongol troops around the tent and court of anushteginids. the mongol army had surrounded jalal al-din’s camp in such a tight circle that even breathing was impossible.page 85, line 3: “basemak, ahmad urmawi..”“basemak” or according to minovi’s the handwritten copy &bashmik& (nasvi, 1926: 70), is a non-persian word. here, it is used as an insult meaning “dishonorable, dishonored, and weak person.”page 104, lines 8-9: “what is the event of urmia? ...”this refers to the attack by jamāl al-dīn al-iraqi’s assignees, who beat and stripped zaidari and his servant in the midst of snow and cold, leaving them to die (zaidari, 2020: 86). using contemporary texts, zaidari provided insights in explaining the meaning of this event.  conclusion despite the extensive commentary of the late yazdgerdi on nafthat-al-masdur and the efforts of other scholars to explain ambiguities in the book, due to the intricate nature of the book, some readers still have difficulties in understanding certain parts. in this regard, an attempt was made toelucidate, as much as possible,  some of ambiguous points of the book. in brief, some of the matters which have been discussed are enumerated as follows:1- “sarbari”. although this word has been explained, in greater khorasan it has a broader meaning that is better suited to the context.2- the phrase “blackening the pen” seems to imply that coating the tip or nib of the pen in either silver or black color is more appropriate for the context than other explanations. likewise, the phrase “whitening the pen” means doing good and virtuous deeds with the pen which results in the production of valuable books and writings.regarding the phrase “return of the army from rome” and based on historical books of the same period such as tarikh-i jahangushay and zaidari’s other book, the meaning of the phrase “i had heard news of the return of an army from rome” was convincingly explained with reference to the sources, leaving no doubt about this matter.the simile “a line like a shoemaker’s device” was explained by examining the tools and methods of shoemaking in the past, and the image and meaning of the phrase were elaborated.the word “to” at the beginning of the first line and the word “jewel box” in the next line were identified, and then the meaning was determined based on the meanings of “to” “in” and “inside”.“the green and emerald plant are the same color, but they differ in appearance due to their jewel boxes”