تدابیر لازم برای بیان و تولید پروتئین های نوترکیب در گیاهان و تخلیص آنها

اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان راﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎی زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦﻫﺎی ﻫﺘﺮوﻟﻮگ، ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮای ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﺪاول ﻛﺸﺖﻫﺎی ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪاران و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﻲ ﺗﺮارﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦﻫﺎی ﻧﻮﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ،اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﺑﺴﻴﺎر اﻫﻤﻴﺖ دارد ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮص اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ، ﺳﻴﻜﻞ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد آن، ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎی ﻧﮕﻬﺪاری و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎی ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺮون ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﻮدن ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ، ﻋﺪم آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦﻫﺎی ﻧﻮﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺷﺪه از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎی ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﺰای اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪم ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺮای ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﺰای اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ، آﺳﺎﻧﻲ و ﻛﻢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﻮدن اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺺ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦﻫﺎی ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﭘﺮدازشﻫﺎی ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻲ در ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن و اﻧﺠﺎم ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﭘﺲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪای ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮای ﭘﺎﻳﺪاری و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد.

strategies required for expression and production of recombinant proteins in plants and their purification

engineered plants as bioreactors for production of heterologous proteins are appropriate replacement for conventional expression systems such as mammalian cell culture and transgenic animals. for efficient production of recombinant proteins, the type of host species is very important and its choice depends on the type of recombinant proteins, plant life cycle and its performance, and maintenance or production costs. the most important benefits of plant based expression systems could be included: cost effective of the plant systems, no contamination of recombinant proteins derived from plants with human pathogenic microorganisms due to host less of plants to human pathogens, easy and low cost of extraction and purification of proteins, more post translational changes required for the stability and activity of protein by plants. for development of plant based production of recombinant proteins, optimization of protein expression level is essential. in this regard; various factors controlling the expression of target gene at levels of transcription, translation, post translational modifications and recombinant protein accumulation are involved. on the other hand, lower amounts of expressed recombinant proteins are serious problem limiting commercial exploitation of plants bioreactors. thus improving the accumulation of recombinant proteins in transgenic plants is an important factor in the desirability of an expression system. in this regard, the accession of signals in c terminal of target proteins leads to increased retention and accumulation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. after production of recombinant proteins, the use of affinity tag for purification of proteins are very effective and useful, so protein purification will possible without prior notification of their biochemical properties.