ارزیابی تاثیر آموزش تغذیه بیماران دیابتی و اعضای خانواده آن ها بر آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد بیماران دیابتی در شهرستان نیشابور

سابقه و هدف: از آنجا که آموزش رژیم غذایی و تغذیه به عنوان یک عامل کنترل دیابت شناخته شده است، در این تحقیق تاثیر آموزش تغذیه بیماران دیابتی به همراه یکی از اعضای خانواده آنها بر روی دانش، نگرش و عملکرد این افراد بررسی می شود. روش کار: در این مطالعه تجربی، پس از هماهنگی لازم از بین مراجعان به مرکز بهداشتی درمانی شماره 7 نیشابور، تعداد 60 نفر افراد دیابتیک ازداخل دفتر ثبت نام مرکزانتخاب شدند و پرسشنامه مربوط به آ گاهی نگرش و عملکرد (kap)توسط محقق برای همه افراد تکمیل شد. سپس به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه مورد و شاهد تقسیم شدند. آموزش به صورت چهره به چهره و آموزش گروهی به مدت دو ماه و هر دو هفته ی کباربرای گروه مداخله و حداقل یکی از اعضای خانواده آن ها انجام شد. پس از پایان دو ماه، پرسشنامه دوباره تکمیل شد. در گروه کنترل هیچ آموزش جدیدی داده نشد. اطلاعات به نرم افزار spss 20 وارد شد و در قسمت آمارتوصیفی از فراوانی، درصد، میانگین و انحراف استاندارد استفاده شد و در آمار استنباطی برای تحلیل داده های پژوهش، از آزمون های آماری کای دو، تی مستقل، تی زوجی ، رگرسیون لجستیک و آنکوا استفاده شد. نتایج ابتدای مطالعه و در پایان برنامه آموزشی دو ماهه مقایسه شد. یافته ها: آموزش بیماران مبتلا به دیابت به همراه حداقل یک نفر از خانواده، در مقایسه با گروهی که آموزشی دریافت نکرده بودند، بهبود معناداری در دانش، نگرش و عملکرد تغذیه ای آنان داشت( p <0.001 ). گرچه آموزش بیماران مبتلا به دیابت با حداقل یک نفر در خانواده آن ها منجر به کاهش قابل توجه bmi شد p=0/01( ( و میزان قند خون ناشتا ) 08 / p=0 ( را نیزکاهش داد، ولی این کاهش از نظر آماری معنادار نبود. نتیجه گیری: با وجودی که آموزش بیماران دیابتی در ارتقای دانش، نگرش و عملکرد آنان موثر است، اما آموزش حداقل یک نفر در خانواده آن ها، نقش مهمی در بهبود این ارتقا دارد. از سوی دیگر، بین فقدان دانش در مورد گرو ههای غذایی و خطر ابتلا به دیابت تاثیر دارد.

Effect of Nutrition Education in Diabetic Patients and Their Families on Knowledge Attitude and Practice of Diabetic Patients in Neyshaboor

Background:Since diet and nutrition education is known as a control agent for diabetes, in this research weinvestigated the effect of nutrition education on diabetic patients together with one of their family members onknowledge attitude and practice of these individuals.Materials and methods: In the current experimental study, 60 diabetic patients were selected from theRegistry Office who refered to Neyshaboor Health Center. A questionnaire on Attitude and Practice (KAP)was completed by the researcher for all participants, and then they were randolmy divided into two groups ofcase and controls. The case and control groups were taught face to face training and group training for twomonths and once every two weeks for the intervention group and at least one of their family members. At theend of two months, the questionnaire was completed again. No new training was given in the control group.Data were entered into SPSS, v. 20, and descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean, and standarddeviation were used. Inferential statistics were used to analyze the data, using Chisquare, independent ttest,paired ttest, logistic regression, and ANCOVA. Next, the results of the beginning of the study and the twomonthtraining program were compared.Results: Diabetic Patients Training with at least one person in their family had a significant improvement inknowledge, attitude, and nutritional function (001/0>p). Diabetic Patients Training with at least one personin their family led to a significant reduction in their BMI (p = 0.01) and it reduced the fasting blood glucoselevels (p = 0.08), but this decrease was not statistically significant.Discussion: Although diabetic patients training has a significant role in promoting their knowledge, attitudesand, practice, Diabetic Patients Training with at least one person in their family plays a more effective rolein this improvement.On the other hand, there is a significant relationship between lack of knowledge about food groups and therisk of diabetes, indicating that planned and trained training can be very effective in reducing the risk ofdeveloping type 2 diabetes.Key Words: Type 2 Diabetes, Nutritional attitude, Knowledge and Performance, Nutrition Education materials and methodsThis study is an experimental study. 60 diabetic patients were selected from the Registry Office between who refers to Neyshaboor Health Center, after coordination they divided into case and control groups in a completely randomized way Face to face education and group training for 2 months for the case group and at least one of their family members and after the end of two months, the questionnaire was completed again. There was no new training in the control group.Information was entered into the spss software and analyzed. The results of the beginning of the study and at the end of the two month were comparedResult: Diabetic Patients Training with at least one person in their family had a significant improvement in knowledge, attitude and nutritional function (001/0>p). Diabetic Patients Training with at least one person in their family led to a significant reduction in their BMI and it reduced the fasting blood glucose levels, but this decrease was not statistically significant.Discussion: Although diabetic patients training have a significant role in promoting their knowledge, attitudes and, practice but Diabetic Patients Training with at least one person in their family, plays a more effective role in this improvement.On the other hand, there is a significant relationship between lack of knowledge about food groups and the risk of diabetes, indicating that planned and trained training can be very effective in reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes