تبیین ژئوپلیتیکی زمینه‌ها و الگوی توسعه مناسبات ایران با اتحادیه‌اروپایی

تا پیش از وقوع انقلاب اسلامی در ایران، روابط میان ایران و کشورهای اروپایی از وضعیتی پایدار و رو به گسترش برخوردار بود. همسوئی سیاست‌های ایران با دول غربی به‌ویژه آمریکا در دوران جنگ سرد، عامل موثری در توسعه و تعمیق این مناسبات محسوب می‌شد، لیکن پس از وقوع انقلاب اسلامی در ایران و خروج این کشور از جرگه کشورهای هم‌پیمان با بلوک غرب، مناسبات با کشورهای اروپایی دچار نوسان و تنش شد و به حداقل سطح ممکن تنزل پیدا کرد. مسلماً علل و عوامل متعددی در کاهش سطح روابط میان طرفین نقش داشته است. هدف مقاله حاضر، بررسی و تشریح عوامل و موانع تاثیرگذار در کاهش روابط ایران با اتحادیه‌اروپایی و کشورهای عضو آن و نیز تبیین زمینه‌ها و راهکارهای توسعه مجدد روابط دوطرف بر مبنای ژئوپلیتیک است. روش تحقیق در این مقاله توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و داده‌ها از منابع اسنادی و مصاحبه با صاحب‌نظران مربوطه جمع‌آوری شده است؛ همچنین شیوه تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها مبتنی بر تحلیل‌های استنباطی نگارندگان است. مطابق یافته‌های این مقاله، اگرچه عوامل و موضوعاتی نظیر پرونده هسته‌ای ایران، اختلاف‌نظر در حوزه حقوق‌بشر، سیاست‌های منطقه‌ای ایران به‌ویژه عدم به رسمیت‌شناختن رژیم‌صهیونیستی، فقدان نسبی استقلال و اثرپذیری اتحادیه‌اروپایی از بازیگران ثالث و...جزو عوامل چالش‌زا و موانع پیش‌روی توسعه مناسبات ایران با کشورهای اتحادیه‌اروپایی است، لکن با توجه به نیازهای متقابل ایران و اتحادیه‌اروپایی به یکدیگر در زمینه‌های اقتصادی، امنیتی، تکنولوژیک و فرهنگی، طرفین می‌توانند با اتخاذ رویکرد ژئوپلیتیکی و بر مبنای الگوی «هم‌تکمیلی»، مناسبات خود را تنظیم، توسعه و گسترش دهند.

geopolitical investigation of the nature and evolution of iran-eu relations

introductionthe relationship between iran and european nations has experienced many ups and downs over the past two centuries. during the cold war, iran’s affiliation with the western bloc and the general congruence of policies led to an expansion in these relations. however, the islamic revolution in iran in 1979 brought about significant shifts in its political orientation, particularly in its foreign relations with the west. this resulted in a period of notable decline in iran’s relations with the european union. the current state of their relations does not match the potential of the two sides. this situation is attributed to a combination of fundamental issues and fabricated barriers, such as the influence of the united states and israel. overcoming these challenges hinges on the steadfast commitment of both. in this context, the utilization of their broad economic, political, cultural, technological, and security capabilities can foster collaboration and improve their mutual ties. this paper, while pointing out the obstacles in the path of fostering relations between the islamic republic of iran and the european union, seeks to present a geopolitical solution to overcome them.methodologythis paper is part of applied and problem-solving studies. its research method is “descriptive-analytical” and the data, in addition to documentary sources, have been collected from interviews with relevant experts. also, the method of data analysis is based on the authors’ inferential analyses, which, by considering the factors affecting relations (especially the obstacles to the development of relations), examines the strengths, weaknesses, advantages, and limitations of iran and the european union in different areas. after explaining the mutual needs, the areas of appropriate relationship development based on common interests and within the framework of a complementary strategy have been described.result and discussionan examination of the relations between iran and the european union in recent decades shows that although in some periods and cases, we have witnessed the development of their relations, there have been many ups and downs and their relations have been tense and even critical at some times (including today). various factors influence the current situation, the most important of which are political and cultural. however, given the different value-based, cultural, and normative contexts, the unresolved issues will prevent the further development of relations. in this regard, we can refer to the differing viewpoints of the two actors on issues such as human rights, terrorism, democracy, and regional developments, particularly the issue of palestine. on the economy, although there are multiple contexts and mutual needs for the development of appropriate relations, including in the energy sector, we have not seen any progress in relations due to various reasons such as the heavy shadow of political issues, interventions by third parties, and sanctions. regarding security, it is necessary to note that iran has a unique geopolitical position and is a country that always plays a prominent role in global equations. the european union is also seeking to consolidate and strengthen its position and become a major international power, and in this path, it prioritizes a “geopolitical approach over a normative one”. therefore, although europe and iran do not have common interests in some areas, they do have shared security threats. in general, it can be said that the current situation of relations from a political, economic, and security perspective is not only not in the interest of either party, but also poses threats.at present, iran and the european union lack a strategic relationship. despite the ongoing conditions and regardless of the prioritization of the impact of effective factors in their relations, each of them has geographical and geopolitical advantages and limitations.