اثر انواع هنرعمومی در فضاهای شهری بر نشاط درک شده جوانان

در سال های اخیر، هنر عمومی روند جدیدی در فضاهای شهری به خود گرفته است به طوری که شهرها سرمایه‌گذاری زیادی روی طراحی و اجرای آثار هنری عمومی و ارتقای کیفیت بصری فضاهای شهری می‌کنند. این مقاله با هدف بررسی اثر انواع هنر عمومی در فضاهای شهری بر ارتقا نشاط درک شده جوانان ارائه شده است. تحقیق حاضر از نوع تحقیق بصری یا خوانش تصویری به شیوه پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعه هدف جوانان بوده که به روش نمونه گیری احتمالی و از نوع تصادفی ساده از بین دانشجویان دختر و پسر در مقاطع تحصیلی کارشناسی و کارشناسی ارشد در رده سنی 35-18 سال دانشگاه تبریز و موسسه آموزش عالی نبی اکرم (ص) تبریز انتخاب شدند. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که از بین انواع هنرهای عمومی در فضاهای شهری هنر مبتنی بر نور، صدا و دیجیتال در فضاهای شهری برحسب سه معیار جنسیت، تحصیلات و سن بیشترین امتیاز را به جهت ایجاد احساس نشاط در بین جوانان و تمایل به استفاده از این نوع هنر در فضاهای شهری داشته است. و در رتبه‌های بعدی هنر متناسب با سایت نظیر آثار هنری تراشیده شده از دل کوه و هنر تعبیه شده در عناصر موجود در فضا همچون نقش برجسته‌های دیواری در بدنه ساختمان‌ها یا نیمکت‌های تعبیه شده در فضاهای شهری قرار گرفته است. هنر ایستای انتزاعی و مشاهیر نیز دارای کمترین امتیاز می‌باشد. همچنین در بین هنرهای تعاملی، هنر پویا - منفعل و هنر تعاملی ایستا بیشترین و هنر پویا - پویا کمترین احساس ایجاد نشاط وجود داشته است. بنابراین لازم است مدیران ، برنامه ریزان و طراحان فضاهای شهری و هنرهای عمومی برحسب سلیقه و خواست شهروندان در رده‌های سنی مختلف تصمیم‌گیری و اقدام‌ نمایند تا حضور و مشارکت پذیری، تعامل، خلاقیت، نشاط، خاطره انگیزی و هویت بخشی در فضاهای شهری بیشتر و موثرتر باشد.

Investigating the effect of various types of public art in urban spaces on the perceived vitality of young people

IntroductionPublic art has followed a new trend in urban spaces in recent years, so that cities invest highly in the design and implementing of public works of art and improving the visual quality of urban spaces, since it is effective in creating good urban spaces and making the city attractive and memorable. It also encourages people to communicate with works of art and each other. Although public art as an art integrated with the public space of cities is not a new concept, many changes have been created in public art and it caused the creation of various types of public art in most cases from a purely static art to a dynamic and interactive art. This article aims to investigate the effect of public art in urban spaces on promoting the perceived vitality of young people. Despite the importance and role of public art in the quality of urban public spaces, studies conducted in the area of public art have not paid much attention to the effect of different types of public arts in public spaces on vitality of people, especially young people. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim of answering the question of “which type of public art has a greater impact on promoting the perceived vitality of young people in urban spaces?”Data and MethodsThe present study is a qualitativequantitative (mixed) study conducted as a survey. In the present study, visual approach and image reading were used to collect information.  Visual research is a term that includes methods based on data collection and analysis of them through designing, painting, photography, film, or video images.  In this article, public arts and interactive arts were divided into different types based on theoretical foundations and research literature and  an image was selected from each type of art and through an online questionnaire was submitted to the participants and they were asked to express their level of vitality from watching that work of art in urban spaces on a 5point Likert scales. This questionnaire was designed and sent to the target population through cyberspace applications.  Since the target population of the present article was young people, the sample was selected among the students of Tabriz University and the students of Nabi Akram Institute of Higher Education in Tabriz in the second semester of 20202021. To determine the sample size, Cochran’s formula with an error level of 5% was used. According to the number of students in these two universities (27000 people), the sample size of 379 was selected. After sending the questionnaire to nearly 380 people, 144 people completed the questionnaire. In this research, both art and architecture students and nonart and architecture students in both bachelor and master levels were surveyed.Discussion and ConclusionThe research results revealed that among different types of public arts in urban spaces, sound and digital arts such as musical fountain, and the integrated art embedded in the elements available in space such as wall relief in the body of the building and the art appropriate to the site, such as plants formed in parks, regardless of the three criteria of gender, age, education and field of study, are accepted by all young people and increase vitality, but abstract static art is less welcomed by young people. Among the interactive arts, dynamicpassive interactive art and static interactive art obtained the highest score in terms of creating a sense of vitality among young people, and in contrast, dynamicdynamic interactive art obtained the lowest score. Art related to public and local culture caused the highest vitality among male young people and young nonart and architecture master students, and digital art caused the highest vitality among females and bachelor art and architecture students. In addition, among nonart and architecture bachelor students, twodimensional applied art obtained a relatively high score.