ارزیابی و سنجش میزان تاب‌آوری روستاهای هدف گردشگری(مورد مطالعه: ناحیه اردیبل)

امروزه گردشگری یکی از منابع مهم تولید، درآمد، اشتغال و ایجاد زیر ساخت ها برای نیل به توسعه پایدار بشمار می آید. گردشگری روستایی گرایشی نوین در گردشگری است، که از دهه 50 به بعد مطرح گردیده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف سنجش میزان تاب آوری روستاهای هدف گردشگری در کانون‌های گردشگری ناحیه اردبیل انجام شده است، از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و بر اساس ماهیت توصیفی تحلیلی است، جامعه آماری تحقیق را 11روستای هدف گردشگری ناحیه اردبیل با 4278 نفر جمعیت تشکیل می‌دهد. حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران 366 نفر برآورد گردد که به تناسب تعداد سرپرست خانوار موجود در هر روستا توزیع گردید. جهت بررسی تاب آوری روستاهای مورد مطالعه از چهار بعد در قالب 10 شاخص و 33 نماگر بر اساس مطالعات سایر محققین بهره گرفته شد. روایی صوری پرسشنامه توسط متخصصین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و پایایی کل آن بر اساس آلفای کرونباخ 0/81 برآورد گردید، نتایج حاصل از یافته‌های میدانی نشان می‌دهد که ابعاد تاب‌آوری از دیدگاه روستائیان دارای میانگین‌های متفاوتی‌ است، بیشترین میانگین مربوط به بعد اجتماعی(3/42) و کمترین میانگین مربوط به بعد اقتصادی(1/85) است. همچنین سطح ‌بندی11روستای مورد مطالعه بر اساس تکنیک تصمیم‌گیری میرکا نشان می‌دهد هر یک از روستاها در سطوح متفاوتی از تاب‌آوری قرار داشتند که عوامل مختلفی بر تاب‌آوری آنها تاثیر داشته است به گونه‌ای که در بالاترین سطح روستای آلوارس و در پایین‌ترین سطح روستای کورعباسلو قرار داشت و سایر روستاها نیز در طیفی بین این دو روستا قرار داشتند.

Evaluation and measurement of resilience of tourism target villages (Case study: Ardabil region)

IntroductionNowadays, the tourism industry is one of the most significant and diverse industries in the world that was developed rapidly and provided considerable income resources for many governments. Nowadays, the sustainability paradigm emerges as a significant and essential issue and has attracted the attention of the global communities in recent two decades. One of the components considered for reaching a sustainable development is resilience, and nowadays, the experience of the occurred crises and their resulted imposed damages makes the human being realize the need for resilience and making resilient settlement areas. Therefore, the prevailing perspective has changed from mere reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience when facing disasters. On the other hand, the touristic villages are prone to the damages resulting from these developments besides having potential factors in line with the tourism and development due to having tourism potential, and in some cases, due to the low resilience and being touristfriendly besides the risks caused by the lack of the resilience have affected the villagers’ lives. Thus, due to tourism development, resilience must be considered in tourism villages to reduce the risks caused by the occurrence of the possible damages. Therefore, investigating the resilience of these villages can play a significant role in the development of sustainable tourism in them. Tourism villages of the Ardebil area are one of the tourism villages of the province and have the capability for sustainable tourism development. Thus, investigating the resilience of these villages can play an essential role in the sustainable tourism development within them. According to the abovementioned and the effects of the tourism development on the resilience of the rural regions, the current study was conducted to evaluate and assess the resilience of the target villages for tourism in the Ardebil area and sought to answer the following question: what is the level of the resilience of the target villages for tourism in Ardebil area?Data and Method            The current research was descriptiveanalytical in terms of the nature of the research problem and subject. The statistical population of the current study included 11 target villages for tourism in the Ardebil area with a population of 4278. The data collection method to answer the research questions was the library study and the questionnaire. Four aspects, 10 indicators, and 33 items were used to assess resilience. Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the distributed questionnaires, and the onesample ttest was used to study the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable and villagers’ opinions on the indicators of resilience. MAIRCA decisionmaking technique was used to rank the villages.  Results and Discussion            The onesample ttest was used to study the resilience status of the target villages four tourism in four aspects. The overall results of the onesample ttest indicated an average of 2.13 for the resilience status of the villages under study. Given that the observed average of the resilience of the villages was less than 3, which is the medium level of the Likert scale, it can be said that the overall status of the resilience in the villages under study was evaluated as the low level of resilience. According to the obtained results from the onesample ttest presented in Table 3, the following average values were obtained: 3.42 for the social aspect, 2.31 for the institutional aspect, 22.27 for the physical aspect, and 1.85 for the economic aspect. The significance level of all indicators was lower than the error level of 0.5. However, the tvalue was lower than the critical value of 1.96 in the institutional aspect, and the upper limit and lower limit were negative.