شناسایی شاخص‌های فضای سبز دوستدار کودک (مطالعه موردی: پارک ناژوان اصفهان)

شهر دوستدار کودک یکی از نظریات برنامه‌ریزی شهری، در راستای تخصیص حقوق شهروندی به کودکان‌ و رسیدگی به خواسته‌ها و نیازهای آن‌ها، باهدف ایجاد فرصتی برای کودکان در جهت شکل‌دهی و یا تغییر محیط پیرامونشان است. بررسی وضعیت کنونی شهرها حاکی از بی‌توجهی و نادیده انگاشتن کودکان درروند برنامه‌ریزی شهری و طراحی فضاهاست. یکی از مکان‌های شهری که توجه ویژه‌ای را در این خصوص می‌طلبد پارک‌ها و فضاهای سبز است، چراکه نقش مهمی را در گذران اوقات فراغت کودکان ایفا می‌کند.هدف از مطالعه حاضر در درجه اول شناسایی شاخص‌های فضای سبز دوستدار کودک و در گام بعدی سنجش میزان تحقق کودک‌مداری در فضای سبز ناژوان شهر اصفهان است. برای این منظور با بهره‌گیری از روش کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی و مراجعه به منابع موجود در این حوزه، بنیادهای فکری و تئوری این نظریه موردبررسی قرار گرفت و شاخص‌های لازم جهت تحقق فضاهای سبز دوستدار کودک شناسایی شد، سپس با بهره‌گیری از روش میدانی، شامل: مشاهده، مصاحبه و تکمیل پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته، اطلاعات لازم گردآوری شد. نمونه موردبررسی، بر اساس فرمول کوکران، 384 عدد مشتمل بر 200 کودک و 184 بزرگ‌سال انتخاب شد. درنهایت تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از نرم‌افزار spss و روش‌های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی همچون آزمون t و خی‌دو انجام گرفته است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از میزان برخورداری پارک ناژوان از نه مولفه تعریف‌شده است. بر این اساس معیارهای محیط سالم، خلاقیت، برخورداری از فضاهای تعاملاتی، مشارکت و حس تعلق، امنیت، دسترسی، تنوع فضاها، ایمنی و خدمات به ترتیب بیشترین تا کمترین امتیاز را کسب نموده‌اند، در راستای ارتقای میزان کودک‌مداری پارک ناژوان اقداماتی نظیر ارتقا سطح خدمات، افزایش زمین‌های بازی کودکان متناسب با گروه‌های سنی مختلف و با ایمنی بالا، طراحی و اجرای بازی‌های فکری، گروهی و متنوع در پارک، بهبود کیفیت دسترسی به پارک از طریق حمل‌ونقل عمومی، ارتقا امنیت محیط و افزایش مشارکت کودکان پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

Identify the characteristics of a child-friendly green space (Case study: Isfahan Nazhvan Park)

Introduction   A childfriendly city is one of the theories of urban planning, in line with allocating citizenship rights to children and taking care of their wishes and needs, with the aim of creating an opportunity for children to shape or change their surroundings (Sardar Masri,897:2017). Many studies have been conducted in connection with childfriendly cities in recent years. For the first time in 2007, UNICEF introduced the city of Bendigo, Australia, as the first city to successfully implement childfriendly city projects. Bendigo was introduced as a city where attention to children’s rights is the priority in solving urban problems (Kiani esmailzade kavaki,2012:51). Examining cities’ current situation indicates children’s neglect in urban planning, especially in Iran (Ghaffari et al., 2014:27). This is even though children, in addition to being an essential part of society, are strongly influenced by the environment and space. One of the urban places that require special attention in this regard is parks and green spaces because they play an essential role in children’s leisure time.The present article has examined the studies that have been conducted in the field of the childfriendly city since 1980. Since the 1920s, Western countries have shown early attention to children and their relationship with the environment, and since the 1990s, they have begun to build childfriendly cities, and currently, they have made positive achievements in both the theory and practical examples (Yao Xiaoyan,2017:699). This research is more about assigning citizenship rights to children and providing for their needs. Today, the childfriendly city is at the top of decisionmakers agenda in urban affairs.Therefore, this article examines children’s chances to have a share in creating their environment and highlights their ideas, especially in green space design.Data and MethodThe main goal of this study is to identify the indicators of childfriendly green spaces and, in the next step, to measure the realization of childoriented green spaces in Nazhvan in Isfahan. The method adopted to conduct the present research is descriptive, analytical, and based on the library method and field studies. For this purpose, using the library and documentary method and referring to the available sources in this field, this theory’s intellectual and theoretical foundations were studied, and valuable indicators for creating childfriendly green spaces were identified. These indicators were extracted from different scientific sources (including books, articles, and scientific reports). The framework of indicators is produced by collecting all the indicators in a matrix and deducing the most frequent ones. As the main and most important indicators of children’s green space, these indicators include security, participation, and sense of belonging, a healthy environment, creativity, interactive spaces, accessibility, variety of spaces, safety, and services. Then, the necessary information was collected by using the field method, including observation, interview, and completing the researchermade questionnaire. The study sample was selected due to the uncertainty of the community’s population size, which included the number of visitors to the green space; based on Cochran’s formula in communities of unknown size, 384 cases were selected, including 200 children and 184 adults. Finally, data analysis was done using SPSS software and a Ttest.The results of the research show that Nazhvan Park has nine defined components. Based on this, the criteria of a healthy environment, creativity, having interactive spaces, participation, and sense of belonging, security, accessibility, variety of spaces, safety, and services have obtained the highest to lowest points, respectively. In order to improve the level of childoriented in Nazhvan Park, measures such as: