تحلیل و رتبه بندی بافت های فرسوده و ناکارآمد شهری از منظر شاخص های اجتماعی با استفاده از تکنیک mabak (مطالعه موردی: محلات؛ عامری، خزعلیه و حصیرآباد در منطقه 7 کلانشهر اهواز)

یکی از مشکلات اساسی در فرایند بازآفرینی بافت های فرسوده و نا کارآمد شهرهای امروز، عدم توجه به اعمال مفهوم مولفه های اجتماعی بعنوان یکی از پتانسیل های محله است. اهمیت مولفه های اجتماعی در فرآیند بازآفرینی از آن جهت محسوس است که مداخله در بافت های فرسوده در بیشتر موارد در ظرف مکانی محله انجام می شود، اما این عنصر معمولاً مغفول باقی می ماند. نظر به اهمیت موضوع، این پژوهش به تحلیل عملکرد بافت های فرسوده و نا کارآمد شهری بر اساس پنج مولفه انتخابی پژوهش (حس تعلق اجتماعی، انسجام اجتماعی، همیاری اجتماعی، امنیت اجتماعی و اعتماد اجتماعی ) و 36 متغیر در سه محله (عامری، خزعلیه و حصیرآباد) در منطقه هفت کلانشهر اهواز پرداخته است. نوع تحقیق کاربردی و روش تحقیق، پیمایشی با تاکید بر پرسشنامه می باشد. جامعه آماری شهروندان ساکن سه محله مورد مطالعه و روش محاسبه حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و شامل 379 نفر بوده است. به منظور بررسی نرمال بودن توزیع داده‌ها از آزمون کلموگروف اسمیرنوف و جهت بررسی وضعیت متغیرهای پژوهش از آزمون علامت ، استفاده شده است. همچنین وزن دهی متغیرها توسط مدل آنتروپی شانون و رتبه بندی محلات با استفاده از تکنیک ماباک انجام شده است. یافته های پژوهش حاصل از نتایج آزمون علامت نشان می دهد: محله عامری با میانگین ضریب تاثیر 3.16 در مجموع پنج مولفه ی انتخابی پژوهش به نسبت دو محله ی دیگر بیشتر بوده است. همچنین نتایج حاصل از رتبه بندی مولفه های اجتماعی انتخاب شده پژوهش در محلات سه گانه با استفاده از تکنیک ماباک، نشان می دهد محله عامری با مقدار si (مقدار تاثیرگذاری مولفه و شاخص ها) 0.26 در رتبه اول و به ترتیب محله خزعلیه 0.079 و محله حصیرآباد با 0.164 در رتبه های دوم و سوم قرار گرفته اند.

The Ranking and Analysis Urban Decay Texture and Dysfunctional From The Aspect of Social Indicators Using The MABAK Technique (Case Study: Neighborhoods of Kazaliye, Ameri and Hasir-Abad In Ahvaz Metropolitan 7th Region)

IntroductionOne of the main problems in wornout and dysfunctional fabrics in today’s cities is not paying attention to the concept of social issues or factors as one of the important capacities in urban localities, since the traditional communication and interaction system has changed drastically in most big cities.  One of their worrying manifestations is the weakening of social relations among the citizens.  The evolution course of urban regeneration has shifted from paying attention to physical dimension to social, economic and cultural dimensions during about three decades of theorizing and implementing the urban regeneration approach, and it has led to the emergence of communitybased urban regeneration.  This approach has sought social interaction and an emphasis on the role of social groups. Also, according to the results of urban regeneration measures in different parts of the world, the trust and participation of citizens, as an effective component in the success of regeneration projects, is not be spontaneous and requires the involvement of many factors and it is achieved by social issues by involving in the process of regeneration. Data and MethodThe methodology of this research is applied in terms of aim. It is also survey based on the research method, conducted by using a questionnaire. The analytical section of the research was conducted by survey method using a questionnaire. Accordingly, the opinions of 379 citizens of the three studied localities, who were selected using a convenience random method, were used. Also, to determine the validity of the questionnaire, the Delphi method was used by a number of experts and university professors, and by obtaining the opinions of the mentioned people, the necessary corrections were made in the questionnaire questions. Thus, it was ensured that the questionnaire measures the desired variables of the research.  Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to calculate the reliability and its value was estimated at about 0.65. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Then, data were entered to SPSS software and a multicriteria questionnaire based on a 5point Likert scale, ranging from very high to very low, was developed to evaluate five indicators and 36 variables of the level of satisfaction of citizens living in the study areas. Then, to check the normality of data distribution, KolmogorovSmirnov test was used and to check the status of research variables, sign test was used. Also, the weighting of variables was done by entropy model and ranking of localities was done using MABAC technique. Results and DiscussionAhvaz metropolis with an area of ​​31800 hectares, as the third largest city in the country, has several wornout fabrics in its eight urban districts. In the metropolis of Ahvaz, 30 to 35% of the city limits are within the legal limits and are known as wornout fabrics and nonallowed settlements. Out of 124 localities in Ahvaz metropolis, more than twelve localities are considered as wornout urban fabrics. In the present study, to evaluate the performance of social issues in wornout and dysfunctional fabrics of the three studied localities (Khazalieh, Ameri and Hasirabad), five indicators (social belonging, social cohesion, social cooperation, social security and social trust) and 36 variables according to the studies were selected. The present article revealed that based the results of urban regeneration measures in different parts of the world, the trust and participation of citizens as an effective component in the success of regeneration projects will not be spontaneous and require the involvement of many factors and it is achieved by social issues (sense of social belonging, social cohesion, social security) by involving in the process of regeneration. Conclusion Considering the 50year history of government involvement in dysfunctional urban fabrics, new and diverse methods of intervention in urban fabrics are being carefully considered nowadays. Little attention has been paid to social factors. The general results of the sign test show that Ameri locality with a mean of 3.16 has a better status than the other two localities in terms of research variables. Also, the results of MABAC technique show that Ameri locality with Si value of 0.260 is ranked first, followed by Khazalieh and Hasirabad localities with Si values of 0.076 and 0.164 are ranked second and third, respectively, in terms of five selected indicators. The main issue of this study in comparison with previous studies is that any change in the improvement and modification of research variables in each of the studied localities, including social and individual behavior of residents, social relations of neighbors, locality social security, locality service facilities, cooperation among residents (residents’ participation), trust and belief of locality residents to each other and to the government, the interaction of service providers with the residents of the locality, etc. is very difficult due to the social conditions of these localities (different ethnicities, low literacy, lowincome classes, inadequate security, improper education, high birth rates, etc.). The main reason can be the social and cultural characteristics of these localities and getting used to this lifestyle over the past few decades, which have shown resistance to any change.