تبیین الگوی شایسته مشارکت عمومی خصوصی مسکن قابل استطاعت در کشورهای درحال توسعه

امروزه مشارکت عمومی و خصوصی(ppp) به‌عنوان یک روش تهیه جایگزین برای ارائه خدمات عمومی شکل گرفته و نقش آن در تحقق مسکن قابل استطاعت در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه با رویکردی جامع ضرورتی است که کم‌تر به آن پرداخته شده است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر روش تحقیق توصیفی تحلیلی و از نظر هدف کاربردی است. درگام نخست به منظور مفهوم‌پردازی مشارکت‌های عمومیخصوصی و شناسایی عوامل موفقیت (sfs) از روش تحلیل محتوا استفاده گردید. سپس در یک فرایند پیمایشی در قالب پرسشنامه از متخصصان کشورهای مختلف در این حوزه درخواست گردید تا هریک از عوامل موفقیت شناسایی شده را با توجه به سطح ضرورت یا درجه اهمیت رتبه‌بندی نمایند. داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده از طریق اسناد و پاسخ‌دهندگان مربوطه به ترتیب با nvivo و بسته آماری برای علوم اجتماعی (spss) تجزیه‌وتحلیل گردید. یافته‌ها نشان داد که از بین 24 معیار اولیه، 16 معیار کفایت لازم را برای قرارگیری در لیست شاخص‌های ضروری موفقیت بدست آوردند. چارچوب قانونی مطلوب و کارآمد ، اراده سیاسی و تعهد به ppp مسکن قابل‌استطاعت و تخصیص و تقسیم منصفانه ریسک سه معیاری هستند که بالاترین درجه ضرورت را مطابق نظر متخصصان کشورهای مختلف به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. همچنین یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل عاملی روشن نمود که چهار عامل بعد سیاسی، قانونینهادی ، بعد اقتصادی ، قرارداد معقول و مشوق‌ها و محرک‌ها به ترتیب با تبیین 30.299، 17.319، 11.694و 9.650 درصد از واریانس تاثیرگذارترین عوامل در تحقق الگوی شایسته مشارکت‌های عمومیخصوصی مسکن قابل‌استطاعت هستند.

Critical Analysis on the Performance of Urban Actors Production of Problematic Urban Settlements (Case Study: Islamabad neighborhood of Zanjan City)

Introduction Problematic settlements as a serious challenge to countries have been the objective experience of the hidden power relationships of their actors, each of which has had a different contribution to the production of these spaces. The results suggest that these settlements are influenced by political issues and are formed by its actors based on different ideologies and powers. Critical discourse analysis as an emerging discourse seeks to identify the positions of the ideological and political approaches that have shaped the space. This approach prioritizes the relationship between language, power, ideology, and discourse, and tells us that problem settlements, as a serious challenge to countries, are contexts that are the objective experience of hidden power relationships of their actors. These settlements are not neutral from the ideological burden and the contribution of actors in the shaping them attitude towards these settlements varies depending on social, cultural, political, and economic conditions.  In line with the aim of this paper, the Islamabad neighborhood has faced sudden and accelerated changes, bulldozer destruction and the disappearance of some words and the spatial relationship between them in the process of city development. However, this neighborhood is the only successful example of problematic settlements that could be turned from margin to text. The purpose of growing such a neighborhood was to inhabitation of the poor and rural people, and due to its special location, it became a favorable area for trade. However, there is one thing that is still in the margin of the text, as it has not been built based on the principles and planning. Therefore, with rapid change and mismanagement, the text of problematic settlements became the goals of their actors. Data and Method The present study is qualitative in terms of nature and applied in terms of type. The qualitativequantitative method was used to explain the text / space in the problematic settlements. The main variables of the research were collected in direct contact with the residents and then selected and completed by 50 selected experts using the Delphi technique. The effects of the indicators were examined using a onesample ttest in Spss and Mactor software was used to link the power and ideology of the actors in the production of text / space of problematic settlements. Results and Discussion Municipalities are nowadays in charge of educating the citizens and continue education is essential in the society, since negative effects of people’s unawareness of culture of urbanization and citizenship and its harms back directly to the municipality. Also, it is necessary for citizens to learn about the ways of interacting with the urban area to have a normal city, since all urban interactions take place in the urban space and the positive and negative consequences also affect the citizens themselves.  Hence, in the area of its services to citizens and with the internal and external interaction with relevant institutions, the municipality can promote urban and citizenship education and encourage its citizens to participate in the area of planning with the correct information system.  Access to all kinds of rights expands the capabilities of citizens, strengthens the sense of social belonging, strengthens the sense of trust in the urban management system, creates justice in using the opportunities and facilities, and organizes and integrates the affairs of citizens and strengthens the citizenship structure through establishing a system of duties between citizens and city managers, increasing the participation and effectiveness of citizens in improving urban affairs, strengthening the vision of collective life and respecting for collective needs against individualism, and paving the way for purposeful social interactions to consolidate governance. ConclusionProblematic settlements, as an imposed space and a symbol of contradiction in the shadow of the formal city, are a kind of discourseoriented context, reflecting the widening gap between ideal action and reality. In other words, these spaces are the intersection of ideology, power and knowledge of actors who have created different meanings and concepts from these spaces, the spaces that result from the confrontation between the normal power of existing institutions and powerless groups.  Results revealed that the life experience of residents has found meaning according to experts in the form of concepts such as poverty, neglect, backwardness, invisible forces, conflict of interests, ambiguity in fate, distance between claim and action, distance between us and them, duality and conflict and personal interests not common interest. These concepts show the institutionalization of dominant ideologies and lack of awareness and economic weakness of the inhabitants of these settlements and the confrontation of government / urban management spatial strategies with people spatial tactics. The role of middle management as a link between government management and local management in the production of text / space of problematic settlements has been significant. Decoding the hidden meaning behind the apparent meaning by recognizing the rights of the users of these settlements can improve the conditions of main actors in the form of selfmanagement at different levels.