مکانیابی سایتهای حیاتی و حساس در شهرستان بجنورد با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل

مهم‌ترین اصل در زمینه‌ی پدافند غیرعامل انتخاب مکان مناسب با ضریب امنیت مکانی بالا به منظور حفظ و سلامت مراکز حیاتی و حساس می‌باشد. هدف از این پژوهش، مکان‌یابی سایتهای مناسب جهت استقرار مراکز حساس و حیاتی در شهرستان بجنورد می باشد. استان خراسان شمالی یکی از استان‌های مرزی ایران به شمار می‌رود و شهرستان بجنورد به عنوان مرکز استان است. همین امر باعث استقرار تاسیسات حساس و مهمی مانند؛ بیمارستان‌های مرکزی، سیلوهای گندم، شهرک‌های صنعتی، پاسگاه های نظامی و غیره در این شهرستان شده است که هرکدام دارای فعالیت‌های منطقه‌ای و فرامنطقه‌ای هستند. داده‌های این پژوهش بوسیله مطالعات کتابخانهای و اسنادی و توزیع پرسشنامه بین کارشناسان (سازمان‌ها و ادارات) و متخصصان این حوزه، براساس اصول پدافند غیرعامل گردآوری شدند. برای انجام پژوهش از مدل تلفیقیanp fuzzy استفاده شد. معیارهای طبیعی و انسانی پژوهش، شامل زیرمعیارهای شیب، جهت شیب، مناطق حفاظت شده، لیتولوژی، فاصله از گسل، فاصله از مرز، شهر، روستا، راه‌های مواصلاتی و غیره انتخاب شدند. جهت پردازش داده‌های پرسشنامه، از نرم افزار super decision ، که مبتنی بر مدل anp است، استفاده و ضریب اهمیت هر یک از فاکتورها در نرم افزارarc gis با لایه‌ی مورد نظر ضرب شد. در نهایت به فازی سازی نقشه‌ها و روی‌هم گذاری لایه‌های فازی اقدام شد. نتیجه‌ی تحقیق نشان داد که مناسب‌ترین پهنه‌ها برای استقرار مراکز حیاتی و حساس، کمربند میانی، شرق و جنوب شرقی شهرستان بجنورد می‌باشد و نامناسب‌ترین پهنه‌ها؛ شمال (کمربند مرزی)، جنوب غرب و پیرامون شهر بجنورد می‌باشد.

locating vital and sensitive sites bojnourd township with a passive defense approach

introduction passive defense refers to the set of actions that does not require application of war wares and with using it, we can prevent vital installations damage, sensitive military and nonmilitary centers, and human loses and to decrease the extent of damage or to minimize them. literally, the word defense is a combination of two terms in persian language: “pad” and “afand”. in persian literature, “pad” is a prefix meaning ant, counter, rear, and pursuit. “afand” means war, fght, batle, and hostlitypassive defense is one of the basic measures in crisis management. it is possible that the passive defense decreases the losses as far as possible. in general it can be mentioned that passive defense includes a collection of unarmed actions which causes increasing of suppression, decreasing of vulnerability, continuity of vital activities , promotion of national stability and facility of crisis management against the threats and the enemy`s military actions. passive defense, in addition to reducing damage from humanmade hazards, is also used to reduce risks to natural hazards. therefore, passive defense is not about war and peace but a preparation to deal with various natural disaster and abnormal events. passive defense plans are developed before crisis, at the tme  of peace, and include design for all steps of crisis management. basic defnitons of passive defense may unwitngly focus one’s atenton on politcal and military defense issues, rather than events and crises caused by natural forces; however, the truth is that, in additon to reducing damage caused by humanmade threats, passive defense measures in residential areas are also useful in reducing risks in face of natural hazard. an important issue in passive defense is selection of place.  site selection can be viewed as a multiple criteria decisionmaking or multiple attributes decisionmaking (mcdm/madm) problems. the mcdm or madm is the approach dealing with the ranking and selection of one or more sites from the alternatives. mcdm methods have been developed to assist decision makers in either ranking a known set of alternatives for a problem or making a choice among this set while considering the conflicting criteria.  in recent years with the development of passive defense in the world, extensive studies were carried out in this area. in iran, because of strategic and political importance of the middle east region and due to its natural location and the confrontation with various types of natural disasters in iran, studies on passive defense are necessary.the purpose of this research is to locate sites suitable for establishing sensitive and vital centers in bojnourd township. north khorasan province is one of the border provinces of iran. bojnourd township is a provincial capital because of the establishment of management and command centers, bordered by turkmenistan and located on the international route of sensitive arteries and basic ways of the country. on the other hand, bojnurd is geologically located in kopet dagh zone. in this zone there are active and important faults. methods  in order to carry out the study, an applied research method and a ombinaton of documentary, descriptve, analytcal and case study methods were used.in this study, the research method is descriptiveanalytic, and a fanp compilation model was used. data was collected based on library studies and documentation reviews and the distribution of the questionnaire among experts .in this research, the natural and human criteria of the research, including the sub criteria of slope, direction of slope, elevation, vegetation, protected areas, lithology, distance from the fault, distance from the river, distance from industry, distance from the border, distance from the city, distance from the village, distance from the high power lines and distance from the roads were chosen. the questionnaire data was processed using the super decision software, based on the anp model. then, the coefficient of significance of each factor was multiplied by arc gis software with the desired layer. ultimately, the fuzzy layers were fuzzy and maps were fused in the software. results and discussion the results of this study showed that the most suitable zones are the middle belt, east and south east of bojnourd township. unsuitable areas for the establishment of critical sites are located in the north, southwest and around the city of bojnourd, with passive defense approach. conclusion based on the results of this zoning, bojnourd city management centers such as the governor’s office, the radio and television organization, military centers, the main water pumping station, high voltage power plant and support centers such as wheat silos, industrial towns, etc. are not located in a suitable place.