بررسی الگوی رشد شهرهای پیرامون کلان‌شهر تهران با تاکید بر سیاست‌های دولت بر زمین شهری؛ نمونه موردی: شهر دماوند

یکی از تغییرات عمده در ساختار فضایی شهرها که بعد از انقلاب صنعتی رخ داد ، ظهور مناطق کلانشهری بود که دارای الگوی خاص خود از نظر رشد شهری، نظام اسکان، اندازه شهر، ساختار فضایی بودند. امروزه این مناطق به الگوی غالب شهرنشینی بویژه در حوزه کشورهای جنوب محسوب می‌شوند. از میان مسائل کلیدی مرتبط با این مناطق نحوه استفاده از زمین و رشد فیزیکی شهرهای موجود در آن است. هدف مقاله حاضر تبیین الگوی رشد شهر دماوند بهعنوان یکی از شهرهای موجود در این منطقه با تاکید بر سیاست‌های دولت در زمینه استفاده از زمین شهری است. تهران به‌عنوان مرکز این منطقه تغییرات فیزیکیاقتصادی و اجتماعی متنوعی را بعد از دوره مدرنیزاسیون در ایران تجربه کرد. به‌ویژه بعد از دهه 1350 که توسعه پیوسته تهران جای خود را به توسعه منفصل و پراکنده داد، چشم‌انداز اجتماعی–فضایی شهرهای پیرامون تهران مانند شهر دماوند نیز به‌طور معناداری تغییر کرده است. براین اساس، هدف مقاله حاضر این است که نخست سیاست‌های دولت را در زمینه استفاده از زمین در شهر دماوند تبیین می‌کند. سپس با استفاده از مدل سلول‌های خودکار روند تغییرات در ساختار شهر دماوند در فاصله زمانی 1366-1396 تحلیل کند. در نهایت، مقاله حاضر تلاش می‌کند که و روندهای رشد فیزیکی شهر در دوره زمانی 1396-1410 شبیه‌سازی نماید. نتایج حاصل از این مقاله نشان داد که فرایندها و الگوهای فضاییزمانی رشد شهرها در مناطق کلانشهری شرق تهران مانند شهر دماوند بازنمایی فضایی ساختارها و روابط اجتماعیاقتصادی و سیاسی خود کلانشهر تهران است. همچنین، روند رشد و گسترش شهری در تهران و نواحی پیرامون در مقایسه دوره قبل از مدرنیزاسیون، از الگوهای رشد متفاوتی پیروی می‌کند. تبیین رشد فیزیکی شهرها در مناطق کلانشهری به برنامه‌ریزان و مدیران شهری این امکان را می‌دهد که رشد فیزیکی شهر را به‌نحو کارآمدی مدیریت کنند.

-explaining the physical expansion of tehran’s peripheral cities with emphasis on state’s urban land use policies (case study: damavand city)

introduction metropolises, along with internal transformation and structural changes, produce new spatial forms and processes that, although seemingly different, have essentially the same logic of formation. this spatial logic is based on a chain of &exclusion& and &integration& processes that is the result of the functions of these structural transformations. this dual process is the main mechanism of spatial development of metropolises. in iran, there are metropolises that have faced with the problem of the growth of cities and settlements. the rapid growth of urban population, the growing trend of land use and unbalanced location of settlements make the need for management and planning for sustainable development. today, tehran, as a national metropolis, has faced with a large number of settlements around it. this study aims to find out what has the role of influential forces in urban land policies and consequently damavand urban growth been. therefore, in order to answer this question, it has explained the growth pattern of the city above as a city in the east around the metropolis of tehran with emphasis on urban land policies. methodology the current research is consistent with the descriptiveanalytical method and is considered as an applied research. in this research, the method of receiving information is in the field of librarydocumentation. the statistical population of this study is the city of damavand since the way of growth and growth pattern of this city have been considered in this research. first, the government policies in the field of land use in damavand city are explained, then the trend of changes in the structure of damavand city in the period 13661366 using the automatic cell model is analyzed and finally, the physical growth trends of the city in the period 13961410  has been stimulated. results and discussion damavand city is generally one of the summer areas around tehran and is located in the foothills of damavand mountains. due to its geographical location and summer, as well as being located on the main road tehranfiroozkoohmazandaran in recent years, especially in the part of gilavand ،damavand city has developed significantly. the results of the study show that the city of damavand in the early years of urban growth (1987) had an irregular and scattered pattern. continuation of urban growth until 2003 has not been able to make much change in its urban growth pattern and urban growth is still scattered and irregular. but urban growth in the years 13821382 has experienced a different aspect. urban growth in these years has not only happened very fast, but also in certain directions and has been more regular. this growth is mostly on the northwest and southeast sides and has been along the tehran road. the more interesting point in the urban growth of damavand in the years between 13821386 is that the southwest side has had faster urban growth; in this part of the city lie mehr housing lands, so under the influence of government policies, urban growth towards the capital has occurred. conclusion the study of urban growth patterns in many developing countries according to the specific socioeconomic conditions of countries shows that scientific management and planning should be based on a proper understanding of the spatiotemporal processes of urban growth. the city of tehran, as the most important city in the country since the beginning of the new era, affected the surrounding settlements and these settlements were directly and indirectly affected by the physicaleconomic and social changes in tehran; especially since the 1350s, tehran’s continuous development has given way to separate development and access to surrounding settlements. in general, it can be concluded that urban land policies have been one of the most important factors in the formation of damavand urban growth patterns, in other words, government forces through the development of rules and regulations, the preparation of urban development plans, assignment of land and housing in the form of preparation plans show their roles in the formation of urban growth patterns in damavand.