تکامل سازوکارهای انتقال فناوری های سبز در معاهدات زیست محیطی ر پرتو عملکرد کنفرانس اعضا

حفاظت از محیط زیست نیازمند مشارکت و همکاری اکثر کشورهاست چرا که عدم همکاری تعدادی از کشورها سبب می شود که تلاش سایرین نیز به ثمر ننشیند و لذا محتوای موافقتنامه‌های زیست محیطی نیز باید به گونه ای باشد که کشورها را به پذیرش و اجرای تعهدات مندرج ترغیب نماید. تعهد به انتقال فناوری‌های سبز در اغلب موافقتنامه‌های زیست محیطی از دیرباز تا کنون با عبارت پردازی‌های متفاوت پیش بینی شده و هدف آن کمک به کشورهای عضو به ویژه کشورهای در حال توسعه جهت حفاظت از محیط زیست و دست یافتن این کشورها به مرتبه ای از توسعه یافتگی است که دیگر از روش‌های آلاینده و ناپایدار صنعتی استفاده ننمایند. بی‌شک یکی از ابزارهایی‌که می‌تواند در تحقق هدف فوق موثر واقع شود، نظام انتقال فناوری پیش‌بینی شده در یک موافقتنامه زیست محیطی جمعی و از آن مهمتر سازوکارهای عملیاتی شدن آن است. مقاله حاضر ضمن بررسی سیر تکامل انتقال فناوری های سبز، نقش نهاد کنفرانس اعضاء را در ایجاد و بهبود سازوکارهای انتقال مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد.

the evolution of green technologies transfer’s mechanisms in environmental treaties with a glance at the role of cops

in the current situation, protecting the environment requires broad participation from all countries; thus, environmental treaties must include mechanisms that encourage countries to accept and implement environmental commitments. one such tool is the system for transferring green technologies, which playsa vital role in assisting developing countries in transitioning toward sustainable development. despite the focus of most environmental agreements on technology transfer as a tool for environmental protection, not all have achieved success; however, collective environmental agreements with institutional arrangements known as conferences of the parties (cops) have performed relatively well. given the independent legalpersonality of the cop and its explicit and implicit powers, this body can be an effective tool in completing and clarifying provisions related to technology transfer, operationalizing transfer methods, providing various facilities including financial, scientific, and technological assistance, and monitoring the process oftransferring green technologies outlined in environmental agreements which result is the development and evolution of technology transfer mechanisms under collective agreements. this article examines the evolution of green technology transfer mechanisms in environmental treaties from an analytical andcomparative perspective, focusing particularly on the role of cops as the main institution for guiding, monitoring, and strengthening these mechanisms. initially, the article clarifies the concept of technology transfer and its evolution in international environmental law, demonstrating that the understanding oftechnology transfer has shifted from mere equipment provision to a comprehensive process that includes technical knowledge transfer, capacity building, and local development. to support this claim, early treaties that include commitments to technology transfer, such as the barcelona convention, the convention onlong range transboundary air pollution, and the united nations convention on the law of the sea, are examined. the finding in this section indicates that despite efforts to utilize international institutional assistance to facilitate technology transfer through these treaties, they have often failed due to the lack of an institution that regulates administrative and executive issues related to transfer, oversees the method of transfer, coordinates stakeholders' actions, and seeks solutions to overcome emerging challenges. due to the rudimentary nature and lack of evolution of technology transfer mechanisms in the mentioned treaties,they are referred to as underdeveloped regimes, which are contrasted with treaties that have a treaty body (cops). subsequently, developed regimes are analyzed, which include the montreal protocol and the framework convention on climate change—documents that endeavor to institutionalize and sustain the technology transfer process by creating bodies such as multilateral funds, clean development mechanisms, specialized committees, and technology networks. specifically, the transfer of green technologies is an area that necessitates precise implementation and adaptation to changes; hence, the cops of collective agreements are considered important tools for monitoring the implementation and continuity of commitments, which can create or develop mechanisms related to technology transfer through various tools adapted to circumstances. this is sometimes achieved through the adoption of new protocols and the establishment of relevant mechanisms or by creating funding bodies, forming committees, and even through soft law documents like action plans.