میان کنش سیاست گذاران جنایی ایران با کانون های وکیلان دادگستری

فرآیند سیاست گذاری جنایی که به تدوین سیاست های مهارکننده بزهکاری با رویکردهای کنش و واکنش مدارانه می انجامد، بر سلسله ای از اصول استوار است. میانوندی نهادهای جامعوی در فرآیند مذکور از برجسته ترین این اصول است. از رهگذر آن سیاست گذاران جنایی باید از ظرفیت های تخصص مدارانه این نهادها در سرتاسر فرآیند یاد شده استفاده نمایند. در این میان، کانون های وکیلان دادگستری از ظرفیت و تخصص ساختاری و کارگزاران کاردان برخوردارند. در نظام حقوقی ایران مشارکت این نهاد در فرآیند سیاست گذاری جنایی با چالش های متعددی روبه روست.نبود هنجارهای مناسب برای بایدی بودن استفاده از کانون وکیلان دادگستری، نبود باورمندی نسبت به توان تخصص مدارانه این نهاد، شناسایی راهبرد دولتی کردن نهاد وکالت، کنش گر نبودن این نهاد در فرآیند سیاست گذاری جنایی، نبود ساختارهای پویا در نهاد مذکور برای سیاست گذاری جنایی و نبود باور در نهادهای دولتی برای استفاده از ظرفیت کانون های وکیلان دادگستری از آن جمله هستند. برای استفاده شایسته از مشارکت و توان این نهاد در فرآیند سیاست گذاری جنایی باید در راستای تدوین سیاست های کلاندر زمینه بهره جستن از ظرفیت کانون های وکیلان دادگستری، پیش بینی هنجارهای باید برای استفاده از ظرفیت کانون های وکیلان دادگستری در فرآیند سیاست گذاری جنایی، هموند نمودن کانون های وکیلان دادگستری در نهادهای سیاست گذار جنایی، راه اندازی کمیسیون سیاست جنایی در کانون های وکیلان دادگستری، باورمند نمودن نهادهای دولتی نسبت به استفاده از ظرفیت نهادهای جامعوی در سیاست گذاری جنایی و تضمین اصل استقلال کانون های وکیلان دادگستری گام برداشت.

the interaction between iranian criminal policy makers and bar lawyers’ associations

crime is a phenomenon that has a long history in human life and has always been considered one of the most prominent public issues. accordingly, a solution must be found in the public policy making process. after all, public policy making is a process within which actions and reactions related to public issues/challenges are identified in a targeted manner. the public policy making process is based on a series of principles, of which the government’s activism, the use of social institutions, and the knowledge based nature of policies are of great importance. the principle of using social institutions is one of the most prominent of them. according to this principle, the government must, in addition to using the capacities and facilities of government institutions, also use the power of social institutions in the policy making process. in the realm of iranian criminal policy making, several institutions, especially the islamic parliament of i.r.iran, the judiciary, as well as the executive branch and the expediency council, have duties and powers in this regard. nevertheless, in the criminal policy making process, it is also necessary to pay attention to the principles of benefiting from social institutions and the knowledge based nature of policies. the application of these principles by government criminal policy makers provides the basis for using the capacity of several institutions, of which the bar associations are among the most prominent. in this institution, according to the aforementioned legal bill, law graduates, faculty members of law schools, judicial officers, and a number of other people with experience in the field of law can act. this policy, which is foreseen in article 8 of the aforementioned bill, has given the bar associations a wide capacity to play a role in the criminal policy making process. the interaction between bar associations and criminal policy makers in the field of crime prevention and criminal responses application manner is rooted in a number of fundamental rights. the formulation of a proper criminal policy is one of the most fundamental rights of individuals. therefore, and in light of the aforementioned right, criminal policy makers must, through a systematic process, anticipate the most effective actions and responses to reduce the number of criminal behaviors. the procedural aspect of this right is reflected in the use of the capacities of government and social institutions, as well as the adoption of a knowledge based approach. the aforementioned institution, which benefits from lawyers and uses their scientific capacities and expertise within the framework of several commissions such as the codification and law commission or the legal affairs commission, can in principle be effective in identifying public issues as well as the approaches of society and public opinion to the policies adopted. however, the existential aspect of this right concerns how to anticipate actions and responses to control the criminal phenomenon. in this context, criminal policy makers should use the capacity of social institutions to systematically examine crime and identify appropriate methods to reduce it. among these, the bar associations are among the most important institutions that can play a role in understanding and analyzing public opinion regarding adopted and implemented criminal policies, as well as identifying appropriate methods to curb crime and, in fact, in anticipating preventive and counterproductive responses, by having skilled and thinker lawyers. in 1954, a significant legal event occurred through the approval of the bill on the independence of the bar association. in light of this, for the first time, the independence of this institution from the judiciary was recognized.