گذر از اماره به فرض در تعیین معیار بلوغ

ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺑﻠﻮغ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻓﻘﻬﻲ- ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت درﺑﺎره‌ آن، ذﻫﻦ را ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺳﺆال ﻣﻬﻢ درﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮده ﻛﻪ آﻳﺎ ﺳﻦ ﺑﻠﻮغ در ﺣﻘﻮق ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎ و ﻋﻘﺪ ﻧﻜﺎح دو ﻣﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ؟ ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺳﻦ ﺑﻠﻮغ، ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ در اﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮص را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ راه ﺣﻞ رﻓﻊ آن ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻳﺠﺎب ﻛﺮده و ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس، در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺶ رو ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮد ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻣﺎره و ﻓﺮض و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد آن دو ﻣﻔﻬﻮم در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻦ ﺑﻠﻮغ و ﺑﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ ﻓﻘﻬﻲ و ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﮔﺬاری در ﺣﻘﻮق اﻳﺮان ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت وﺣﺪت ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺑﻠﻮغ در ﺣﻘﻮق ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎ و ﻋﻘﺪ ﻧﻜﺎح ﺑﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺟﻤﻊ ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﺳﻦ ﺑﻠﻮغ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮد اﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺑﻠﻮغ از ﻓﺮض ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻪ اﻣﺎره و اﻳﺠﺎد ﻓﺮض ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ اﻫﻠﻴﺖ می شود.

passing from legal presumption to legal fiction in determination of the maturity criterion

puberty as a jurisprudential legal issue and given the existence of different laws on it, the mind is involved with this important question whether the age of puberty in the law of contracts and marriage contract is two different categories or not? the existing conflicts between the legal articles related to the age of puberty necessitate the need to conduct an independent research in this regard in order to find a solution to resolve those conflicts, and based on this, in the present research, we approach this issue with the approach of the difference between presumption and presumption and the application of these two concepts. in the determination of the age of puberty, it has been discussed by mentioning jurisprudential and legislative records and finally led to the proof of the unity of the concept of maturity in the law of contracts and marriage contracts with the possibility of combining both criteria of the age of puberty independently with the approach of transforming the concept of maturity from the former assumption to the decree and creating the new assumption is with the hoocoomat of legal capacity.keywords: maturity, legal fiction, legal presumption, legal capacity.