حقوق تنظیمی بانکی و آسیب‌های آن در نظام بانکی ایران

ﻣﻘﺎﻟه‌ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ دوﻟﺖ در ﺣﻮزه‌ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازد و ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎی اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠه‌ را در ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺪاﻗﻪّ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ، ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻈﺮی ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ، اﻧﻮاع اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی دوﻟﺖ در ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﺎزار و رﻓﺘﺎر ﺑﺎزﻳﮕﺮان در ﺣﻮزه‌ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد و ذﻳﻞ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ اﻳﺮان ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻧﻬﺎد ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ در ﺣﻮزه‌ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ارﻛﺎن ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺮﺧﻲ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻧﻬﺎدی و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری آن ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎی ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ در اﻳﺮان اﺷﺎره ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.

banking regulatory rights and its difficulties in the banking system of iran

the subject of this article is to explain the modalities of the government's intervention in the banking system to regulate the banking market. banks are subject to market failure due to problems such as information asymmetry, destructive and extreme competition, and behavioral risks. therefore, government's intervention seems necessary to set up a banking system. the main question of this paper is that, in the light of public and private interest theories, how are the government regulatory interventions in the banking sector explained and explained and what are the challenges of this intervention in the legal system of iran? from this point of view, after reviewing the theoretical foundations governing banking regulation rights, a variety of government tools for regulating the market structure and behavior of actors in the banking sector will be examined, and each of the positions of the iranian legal system will be discussed. given the fact that the existence of an independent and expert regulator in the banking sector is one of the most important components of the banking regulatory system, some of its institutional and structural requirements are also examined. finally, some of the most important challenges of the banking regulatory system are mentioned in iran.