جایگاه مرتکبان جرایم تروریستی در احراز وضعیت پناهندگی

ﻫﺪف ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن 1951 ژﻧﻮ در ﻣﻮرد وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﻨﺪﮔﻲ، ارائه ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺮادی اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ آزار ﻣﺤﺮوم اﻧﺪ. ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﺟﺎﻧﺐ دوﻟﺘﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ از دوﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺒﻮع ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﺮد (در ﻣﻮرد اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻴﺖ ) ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. اﻋﻄﺎی اﻳﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﻛﻮل ﺑﻪ اﺣﺮاز ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن 1951 ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن 1951 ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺮراﺗﻲ ﺑﺮای ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮی از ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﺳﻮء اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﻨﺪﮔﻲ دارد. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺮرات دوﻟﺖ ﻫﺎ را از اﻋﻄﺎی ﭘﻨﺎﻫﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎن ﺟﺮاﻳﻢ ﻏﻴﺮﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺗﻲ ﭼﻮن ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ اﻗﺪام ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻫﺪاف و اﺻﻮل ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ، ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداری از وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﻨﺪﮔﻲ، ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎن ﺟﺮاﻳﻢ ﺗﺮورﻳﺴﺘﻲ از ﭼﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻲ در ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﭘﻨﺎﻫﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ؟ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻓﻮق اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ را دﻧﺒﺎل ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﺎن ﺟﺮاﻳﻢ ﺗﺮورﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ در حیطه ﻣﺎده (و) 1 ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﭘﻨﺎﻫﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﺎیسته اﺣﺮاز وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ.

the position of perpetrators of terrorist crimes in acquiring the status of refugee

the purpose of the 1951 geneva convention on the status of refugees is to provide international protection to those who have been deprived from national protection against persecution. international protection is the protection granted by any country other than the country of nationality or the country of residence (in the case of those not having a nationality). this protection is granted when the conditions set forth in 1951 convention are met. moreover, the convention includes provisions to ensure that the refugee protection regime would not provide a cover for persons involved in serious not political crimes, crimes against humanity, crimes against peace, war crimes or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the united nations. in considering the status of terrorist criminals in the refugee convention, this article seeks to show that the perpetrators of terrorist crimes are covered by these regulations and could not benefit from refugee status.