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تحلیلی نوین بر حمایت اقتصادی از زوجه در قانون حمایت از خانواده (1391)
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نویسنده
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حسین زاده جواد ,حسینی وحیده سادات
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منبع
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تحقيقات حقوقي - 1398 - شماره : 88 - صفحه:135 -158
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چکیده
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ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺼﻮب ﺳﺎل(1391)، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﺎﻣﺎن ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻧﻬﺎد ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﺎﻛﺎرآﻣﺪی ﻫﺎ در ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣﺎﻟﻲ زوﺟﻪ، ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﺮوز ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ و درﻳﺎﻓﺖ اﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻮق ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ. ازاﻳﻦ رو، ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی از زوﺟﻪ و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪی ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣﺎﻟ ﻲ زوﺟﻪ (ﻧﻔﻘﻪ، ﻣﻬﺮﻳﻪ، ﻧﺤﻠﻪ و اﺟﺮت اﻟﻤﺜﻞ) در ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ و اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻧﻬﺎد ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از ﺿﺮورت و اﻫﻤﻴﺖ وﻳﮋه ای ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﻣﻘﺎله ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ و ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ی ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺼﻮب 1391 اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮد ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻘﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﻴﻪ و ﺣﻘﻮق ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻛﻠﻲ، ﺑﺎ دو ﻣﺪل ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣﺎﻟﻲ زوﺟﻪ را ﻣﺘﻮازن و ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل ﻧﻤﻮد؛ ﻣﺪل ﺑﺮاﺑﺮی ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ در ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ و ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﺮاﺑﺮی ﻏﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻓﻘﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﻴﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﮔﺬار ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﻴﺮی از ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻘﻬﻲ ﺷ ﻴﻌﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت ﻧﻮﻳﻨﻲ در ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﻧﺠﺎم داده و ﻧﺎﻛﺎرآﻣﺪی آن در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.
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کلیدواژه
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حقوق مالی زوجه، حمایت اقتصادی، نفقه، مهریه، تحکیم خانواده
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آدرس
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دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ, دانشکده علوم انسانی, گروه حقوق, ایران, دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ, دانشکده علوم انسانی, گروه حقوق, ایران
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پست الکترونیکی
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v.hosseini@usc.ac.ir
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a new analyze economic protection of wife in the iranian family protection act, enacted in 1391
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Authors
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hoseinzadeh javad ,hosseini vahideh sadat
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Abstract
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due to the fragmentation and inefficiency in wife’s financial rights the iranian family protection act, enacted in 1391 , this article aims to review and analyze the role of efficiency of wife’s financial rights (alimony, dowry, free gift and reasonable wage) in stabilization and integration of the family institution. this study with library research method describes and analyzes the content of the iranian family protection act, enacted in 1391, through comparative approach with imam’s jurisprudence and western law. the research results show that generally the wife’s financial rights can be balanced in two models; the equality model was followed in the french legal system and the ultimate equality system was identified in shiite jurisprudence. it is better to make intended amendments of iranian legislator in each of the two forms and models and in a comprehensive family act, current legal fragmentation and dispersion of wife’s financial rights that led to its inefficiency is resolved.
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