وضعیت حقوقی اسقاط قراردادی حق ارث از سوی وراث

اﺳﻘﺎط ﻗﺮاردادی ﺣﻖ ارث از ﺳﻮی وراث از ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺤﺚ اﻧﮕﻴﺰ در ﺣﻘﻮق ارث اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد رواج ﻋﺮﻓﻲ، در روﻳﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ آن را اﻳﺠﺎب ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎن ﺻﺤﺖ اﺳﻘﺎط ﻗﺮاردادی ﺣﻖ ارث ﻣﺎﻟﻢ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺑﻮدن اﻳﻦ اﺳﻘﺎط، ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻮدن اﻳﻦ ﺳﻠﺐ ﺣﻖ، ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻮدن ارث و ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ آن ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﻢ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ و ﻋﺪم اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼف آن ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ را دﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻄﻼن اﺳﻘﺎط ﻗﺮاردادی ﺣﻖ ارث داﻧﺴﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺣﻜﻤﻲ و ﺣﻘﻲ ارث و ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎت ﻣﻮرث و وراث در ﺣﻖ ارث و ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ اﺻﻞ آزادی ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﺳﻘﺎط ﻗﺮاردادی ﺣﻖ ارث از ﺳﻮی وراث رﻫﮕﺸﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﺻﺪد اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ دﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎن اﺳﻘﺎط ﻗﺮاردادی ﺣﻖ ارث از ﺳﻮی وراث و ﻧﻘﺪ آن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﺆﻳﺪات ﺻﺤﺖ اﻳﻦ اﺳﻘﺎط ﺑﭙﺮدازد و از ﺻﺤﺖ اﺳﻘﺎط ﻗﺮاردادی ﺣﻖ ارث از ﺳﻮی وراث در زﻣﺎن ﺣﻴﺎت ﻣﻮرث و ﭘﺲ از ﻓﻮت وی دﻓﺎع ﻛﻨﺪ.

the legal status of waiving of the inheritance’s right by the heirs

waiving of the inheritance’s right is one of the discussible issues in the heritance despite that it is current but precedent believe that such waiving are void. accordingly, study of the legal of status such waiving is necessary. some prevents is said to validate of such agreements like that such waiving have no cause and that the inheritance is commandment, so it is irreversible and that it’s rules relevant to public policy, so agreement contrary is void. but reviewing and rethinking on nature of the inheritance and differentiating between impact of commandment and impact of right, differentiating between legal actions by the devisor and legal actions by the heirs and the rule of contractual freedom indicate the validate of such agreements both in time of the devisor and after death of devisor. key words: waiving of the inheritance’s right, nature of inheritance, cause of inheritance, the rule of contractual freedom