کاوشی در انگاره‌های تربیتی قاعده احسان

از مهم‌ترین رسالت‌های تربیت اسلامی در مسیر بسترسازی برای شکوفایی فطرت الهی انسان‌ها، که خیرخواهی و نوع‌دوستی مصداق بارز آن است، پیش‌گیری از ایجاد هرگونه مسئولیت مدنی و ضمان قهری برای افرادی است که به قصد احسان و نیکی به دیگران، مبادرت به انجام عملی نموده‌اند و در اثنای آن عمل، برحسب اتفاق و یا نیاز، باعث ایراد ضرر و زیان به غیر شده‌اند. قاعده فقهی «احسان» که از پشتوانه کتاب و سنت برخوردار است و فقهای شیعه در لابه‌لای کتب ژرف خویش مصادیق متعددی از آن را بیان نموده‌اند، بیانگر همین امر است. نوشتار حاضر با نگاهی نوین، قاعده احسان را ضمن واکاوی ادله آن به مثابه یک قاعده فقه‌تربیتی تبیین نموده است و سپس با احصای ملاک‌ها و معیارهای تربیتی ارزشمندبودن اعمال نیکوکارانه، بازتاب‌های تربیتی آن را در قالب رابطه انسان با انسان مورد مطالعه قرار داده است. وانگهی، تامل در تطبیقات و دلالت‌های تربیتی قاعده احسان نیز دور از نظر نگارندگان نبوده است.

a study on the educational perspectives of the principle of benevolence [ehsan]

introduction the principle of benevolence, or ehsan, is a foundational concept in islamic jurisprudence, which emphasizes altruism, sacrifice, and service to others. given the social nature of human beings, there is a continuous need for individuals to integrate into the community and engage in mutual assistance. however, this integration often leads to conflicts of interest and potential rights violations due to inherent traits like greed and the pursuit of power. to mitigate such conflicts, laws and principles, including civil liability, are essential in ensuring justice and protecting individuals’ rights. civil liability, or non-consensual liability, holds individuals accountable for any harm they cause to others, requiring them to compensate for the loss.     contrary to the strict application of civil liability, islamic jurisprudence introduces the principle of benevolence. this principle acknowledges that individuals driven by altruism may inadvertently cause harm while attempting to benefit others. in such scenarios, the primary ruling of non-consensual liability is overlooked, and the principle of benevolence exempts the well-intentioned individual from liability. the increasing complexity of modern societal needs underscores the importance of benevolence and mutual assistance. promoting a culture of benevolence is vital for educational systems and institutions, and islamic law has long advocated for this through significant principles like ehsan.     this study aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the principle of benevolence from an educational perspective within islamic jurisprudence. it seeks to identify the educational criteria and standards that define the value of benevolent acts and document their educational reflections in human relationships as perceived by both western and islamic scholars. the study also explores the educational applications and implications of ehsan, highlighting the roles of educational institutions and media in fostering a culture of benevolence.  research question  the central research question guiding this study is: how can the principle of benevolence (ehsan) be effectively integrated into educational systems to promote a culture of altruism and mutual assistance in contemporary society?     to address this overarching question, the study will explore several subsidiary questions, including:     what are the jurisprudential foundations of the principle of benevolence in islamic law?     how do educational theories and practices in islamic jurisprudence define and value acts of benevolence?     what are the similarities and differences in the conceptualization of benevolence between islamic and western educational perspectives?     how can educational institutions, media, and cyberspace contribute to promoting benevolence among different societal segments?  research hypothesis  the hypothesis underpinning this research posits that integrating the principle of benevolence into educational systems can significantly enhance social cohesion and mutual assistance. specifically, the hypothesis can be broken down as follows:     the principle of benevolence, rooted in islamic jurisprudence, offers a robust framework for fostering altruistic behavior and social responsibility.