بازشناسی وضعیت و آثار حقوقی «معامله منافی با تعهد ترک فعل حقوقی»

از جمله امتیازاتی که به طور معمول طرفین قرارداد برای خویش لحاظ می‌کنند، محدودیت‌ها و ممنوعیت‌های قراردادی است، که گاه چهره «عدم اعمال حق» به خود می‌گیرد. اقدام بر خلاف تعهد مذکور این پرسش را متبادر می‌سازد که قانون‌گذار چه تمهیداتی برای صیانت از حق متعهدله در نظر گرفته است؟ آیا نقض این تعهد که خود یک عمل حقوقی است، صحیح تلقی می‌شود و متخلف باید از عهده خسارات وارد شده به متعهدله برآید، یا این عمل حقوقی که ناقض تعهد فوق‌الذکر است، بلااثر انگاشته می‌شود؟ پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی تحلیلی به شناسایی ماهیت و وضعیت «معامله منافی با تعهد ترک فعل حقوقی» و البته آثار تنفیذ آن در حقوق مدنی ایران می‌پردازد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داده است که تعهد ترک فعل حقوقی، همواره موجد حق دینی نیست، بلکه گاه آفریننده حق عینی است؛ لذا «معامله منافی» با تعهدات مذکور، می‌تواند بسته به مفاد توافق - که ممکن است موجد حق عینی یا دینی باشد - صحیح یا غیرنافذ تلقی شود.

recognition of the place and legal effects of transactions contrary to the commitment to legal act omission

introduction  the balance between contractual freedom and legal restrictions forms the bedrock of modern civil code, compelling a nuanced exploration of the dynamics between parties’ rights and obligations within contractual frameworks. this discourse becomes particularly compelling when examining the implications of transactions that contravene a party’s commitment to abstain from certain legal acts. such scenarios unveil the complex interplay between legal theory and practice, challenging conventional understandings of rights, obligations, and the sanctity of contracts. this research delves into the depths of iranian civil law to unravel the legal fabric surrounding transactions contrary to the commitment to legal act omission offering a comprehensive analysis of its nature, implications, and the legal scaffolding that governs such transactions. this study embarks on a quest to illuminate the intricacies of these transactions, unraveling the legislative measures in place to safeguard the aggrieved party’s interests, and probing the validity and consequences of violating such a contractual commitment.  research question  the central inquiry of this research hinges on discerning the legal standing of transactions executed in defiance of a commitment to legal act omission. this question probes the depths of legal philosophy and jurisprudence, seeking to understand how iranian civil code adjudicates such matters. it explores the dichotomy between the validity and enforceability of these transactions and the legal ramifications for parties that choose to contravene their commitments. this inquiry not only scrutinizes the legal framework but also delves into the philosophical underpinnings that define the essence of contractual obligations and freedoms.  research hypothesis  the hypothesis posits that transactions contrary to the commitment to abstain from a legal act occupy a nebulous legal terrain, where their validity and enforceability are contingent upon an interplay of legal principles, contractual stipulations, and the inherent nature of the rights in question. it suggests that while some transactions may be deemed valid yet unenforceable, others may be outright nullified, depending on the legal and contractual context. this hypothesis is grounded in the premise that the legal system strives to balance the sanctity of contracts with the protection of individual rights, leading to a nuanced adjudication process that carefully considers the specifics of each case.  methodology & framework, if applicable  this research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology, meticulously sifting through the annals of iranian civil law and islamic law to construct a coherent legal narrative. the analytical component seeks to critically evaluate prevailing arguments and theories regarding the legal status of transactions that breach a commitment to a legal act omission. by distinguishing between agreements that confer real rights (chose in possession/ jus in rem) versus personal rights (chose in action), the study sheds light on the subtleties that influence the legal outcomes of such transactions. furthermore, it underscores the importance of the transaction’s subject matter’s legality and the conditions for transactional validity as pivotal factors in determining the legal status of these contentious acts. through this rigorous methodology, the research endeavors to offer a holistic understanding of the topic, bridging theoretical insights with practical legal applications.