تبیین نظریه «ذاتی‌بودن رابطه لفظ و معنا» در اصول فقه امامیه و ارائه آثار حقوقی آن

بحث از چگونگی دلالت لفظ بر معنا، یکی از اولین و مهم‌ترین مسائل علم اصول فقه و مبادی زبان‌شناختی - فلسفی علم اصول است که نشان‌دهنده توانایی این علم در حل فلسفی مهم‌ترین پرسش‌های زبانی است. نظریه مشهور میان فلاسفه غربی و هم‌چنین اصولیون شیعه، «وضعی‌بودن» رابطه لفظ و معنا است. با این همه، قول به «ذاتی‌بودن» رابطه لفظ و معنا در غرب حامیان شاخصی از افلاطون تا چامسکی داشته است. مقاله حاضر با رویکرد توصیفی تحلیلی کوشیده است تا ضمن معرفی و تبیین دیدگاه «ذاتی‌بودن رابطه میان لفظ و معنا»، آثار و نتایج آن را در تاریخ نظام حقوقی کشور مورد بررسی قرار دهد و به واکاوی نظریه ذاتی‌بودن در میان نظرات علمای اصول فقه شیعه و به‌علاوه در دیدگاه صاحب‌نظران مغرب‌زمین بپردازد. هم‌چنین، مسائل پیرامونی این نظریه از قبیل نقاط قوت و اشکالاتی که بر این نظریه وارد شده است و البته بررسی آثار پذیرش این دیدگاه در نظام حقوقی کنونی، دور از نظر نگارندگان نبوده است. ماحصل پژوهش آن است که به‌رغم نقاط قوت تحلیلی نظریه ذاتی‌بودن، ادله اقامه شده برای این نظریه ناکافی و پذیرش آن مورد تردید است.

explaining the theory of the essence of the relationship between expression and meaning in the methodological principles of islamic jurisprudence and presenting its legal implications

introduction ‌language serves as a fundamental cornerstone of human civilization, distinguishing humans from other species through its sophisticated capacity for expression, communication, and thought. this inherent capability not only facilitates interpersonal communication but also underpins the complex processes of human reasoning and conceptualization. the intricate relationship between language and thought is a subject of considerable interest across various disciplines, including linguistics, philosophy, and jurisprudence. within the realm of legal scholarship, particularly in the context of principles of islamic jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh) and its influence on the iranian legal system, the exploration of the nature of the relationship between expression and meaning acquires a nuanced significance. this study aims to delve into the theoretical underpinnings of the intrinsic and essence views on the relationship between expression and meaning, assessing their implications for the legal domain, with a special focus on shia jurisprudence and its impact on contract law in iran. by examining the intrinsic nature of language and its role in the legal system, this research seeks to uncover the philosophical and jurisprudential dimensions that underlie legal interpretation and application.‌ ∴ research question ‌the central inquiry of this study revolves around the nature of the relationship between expression and meaning in the context of language and its implications for legal theory and practice. specifically, the research question seeks to understand how the intrinsic and conventional theories of language affect the interpretation and formulation of legal principles, particularly in principles of islamic jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh) and the iranian legal system. this investigation is driven by a desire to elucidate the extent to which the intrinsic nature of language influences legal reasoning and contract formation, examining both the theoretical foundations and practical outcomes of this relationship in a legal context.‌ research hypothesis ‌the hypothesis posits that embracing an intrinsic view of the relationship between expression and meaning can lead to significant insights and advancements in legal theory and practice. this perspective, which acknowledges a direct and inherent connection between words and their meanings, could offer a more nuanced and effective framework for legal interpretation and the formulation of contracts. by rejecting the intermediary of conventional meanings, the intrinsic theory may allow for a deeper understanding of legal texts and the intentions behind them, potentially enhancing the precision and fairness of legal outcomes. this study hypothesizes that, despite historical criticisms and the limited adoption of the intrinsic theory among shia jurists and western thinkers, its implications for jurisprudence and the legal system in iran are profound and warrant comprehensive exploration.‌ methodology & framework, if applicable ‌this research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology, leveraging both primary and secondary sources to explore the intrinsic and conventional theories of language within the domains of jurisprudence, legal theory, and philosophy of language.