تحلیلی بر ماهیت اساسنامه‌های مصوب دولت و کیفیت نظارت بر آن

مطابق با اصل هشتاد و پنجم قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، سمت نمایندگی مجلس قائم به شخص است و مجلس نمی‌تواند زمام امر تقنین را به شخص یا هیاتی واگذار کند، ولی در موارد ضروری این اختیار را داراست که وضع قوانین را با رعایت اصل هفتاد و دوم به کمیسیون‌های داخلی خود تفویض کند؛ این قوانین در مدتی که مجلس تعیین می‌نماید به صورت آزمایشی اجراء شده و تصویب نهایی آن با مجلس خواهد بود. همچنین مجلس شورای اسلامی می‌تواند اختیار تصویب دائمی اساسنامه سازمان‌ها، شرکت‌ها و موسسات دولتی یا وابسته به دولت را به هیات وزیران اعطا کند؛ با توجه به حیثیت تقنینی این اساسنامه‌ها و صلاحیت ذاتی مجلس در تصویب آن، همواره ماهیت اساسنامه‌هایی که به تصویب هیات وزیران می‌رسد محل ابهام بوده است و نهادهای ناظر نیز در این زمینه رویکردهای متفاوتی اتخاذ کرده‌اند. بدین‌سان، نوشتار حاضر در صدد پاسخ به این پرسش است که ماهیت اساسنامه‌های مصوّب دولت چیست و نحوه نظارت بر آن چگونه خواهد بود؟ این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از روش توصیفی تحلیلی به این رهیافت رسیده است که اساسنامه‌های یادشده مصوبه دولتی تلقی می‌شوند و در نتیجه، علاوه بر نظارت شورای نگهبان و رئیس مجلس، مشمول نظارت دیوان عدالت اداری نیز قرار می‌گیرند؛ هر چند نظر به چالش‌ها و تزاحم‌های موجود در نظام حقوقی کشور، حدود نظارت مراجع مذکور بر این اساسنامه‌ها، نیازمند بازنگری و بازتبیین اساسی است.

an analysis of the nature of government-approved statutes and their supervision

introductionthe legal framework within which public and private entities operate is foundational to their legitimacy and functionality. this analysis delves into the specific realm of government-approved statutes within the islamic republic of iran, focusing on the legislative nature of these documents and the oversight mechanisms in place. the statutes in question are essential for the operation, duties, and authorities of legal persons and entities, both governmental and non-governmental. their importance is underscored by the requirement for such statutes as a prerequisite for the registration and formal recognition of companies. this study is particularly concerned with statutes related to government and government-affiliated organizations, given their significant impact on the country’s administrative system and citizens’ rights. the legislative framework for these statutes was established under article (85) of the iranian constitution in 1989, allowing for the delegation of statute approval to relevant commissions of parliament or directly to the government. this research aims to elucidate the nature of these statutes, the processes involved in their amendment or modification, and the authorities responsible for their oversight. research questionthe primary inquiries of this study revolve around three pivotal questions: what is the nature of the statutes whose approval has been delegated by the islamic consultative assembly to the government of the islamic republic of iran? how are these statutes amended or modified? which authorities are tasked with overseeing these statutes? these questions aim to uncover the legislative and operational dynamics of government-approved statutes and the institutional checks and balances that govern them. research hypothesisthis research operates under the hypothesis that the statutes approved by the parliament and delegated to the government for oversight are essentially governmental decrees. as such, they are posited to fall under the scrutiny of the guardian council, the speaker of the parliament, and the court of administrative justice, according to the principles laid out in the constitution of iran. this hypothesis suggests a structured mechanism of oversight and amendment, ensuring that these statutes align with constitutional mandates and effectively serve their intended purpose within the legal and administrative framework of the country. methodology & framework, if applicablethe methodology adopted for this research is descriptive-analytical, utilizing a comprehensive review of library sources alongside a detailed examination of legal practices in iran. this approach involves an analysis of documentation from the guardian council, the court of administrative justice, the islamic consultative assembly (parliament), and the cabinet. the study also reviews the historical background and discussions surrounding the approval of article (85) of the constitution, aiming to provide a clear understanding of the legislative intent and the practical application of these statutes. this framework allows for a thorough exploration of the statutes’ nature, the process of their amendment or modification, and the extent and quality of their oversight by designated authorities.by systematically addressing the research questions and hypothesis through this methodology, the study seeks to contribute novel insights into the legislative nature of government-approved statutes in iran and the oversight mechanisms that ensure their alignment with constitutional and legal principles. the findings of this research are anticipated to have significant implications for the understanding of legal governance and administrative oversight in the context of iranian law, with potential broader applications in comparative legal studies.