تبیین نسبت «قاعده طلایی» با مسئولیت مدنی

قاعده طلایی، به‌عنوان یکی از قواعد بنیادین اخلاق، مقرر می‌دارد با دیگران همانطور رفتار کنید که رضایت دارید در وضعیت مشابه با شما رفتار شود. به‌کارگیری این قاعده در مسئولیت مدنی در قالب نظریه رفتار غیرنگر، باعث می‌شود تا از طریق شناسایی شرایط، عوامل و ارزش‌ها، تحمیل مسئولیت مدنی توجیه شود و مسئولیت مبتنی بر تقصیر، از حالت عینی و بدون سرزنش خود که ناشی از توجه به رفتار عامل زیان می‌باشد خارج شود، و به یک حالت ذهنی و فرآیند فکری که انتظار می‌رود انسان معقول هنگام تصمیم‌گیری در مورد نحوه رفتارش با دیگران داشته باشد، تمرکز کند و از طریق فراهم آوردن منبعی از ارز‌ش‌های مناسب برای عامل معقول، باعث ادغام طرح‌ها و اولویت‌های مختلف دیگران در طرح‌ها و اولویت‌های عامل زیان شده و انسجام اجتماعی را بهبود ‌بخشد. اگر چه قاعده طلایی، با اعمال نظام مسئولیت محض در فعالیت‌های فوق‌العاده خطرناکی، که عامل به طور معقول رفاه خود و دیگران را در نظر گرفته، و با این وجود خطر اتفاق افتاده است سازگار نیست، و در خصوص تصمیمات نامعقول در مورد سطح فعالیت نیز با ارجاع کارکرد مسئولیت محض به نظام تقصیر، اعمال مسئولیت محض را در این موضوعات غیرضروری و غیرقابل ‌توجیه می‌داند.

elucidating the relationship between the golden rule and civil liability

introductionthe exploration of ethical principles within the legal framework has always been a fascinating domain for scholars and practitioners alike. the golden rule, a principle deeply rooted in various religious and ethical systems, provides a profound basis for examining moral conduct across cultures. this paper delves into the intriguing relationship between the golden ruleoften encapsulated by the ethos of treating others as one wishes to be treated oneselfand its applicability within the domain of tort liability. historically, the golden rule has transcended mere philosophical discourse, influencing moral and ethical guidelines across civilizations. its simplicity and universal appeal have made it a cornerstone for evaluating interpersonal behaviors and, by extension, its potential relevance to legal norms and practices, particularly within the framework of civil liability. by examining the intricate relationship between this ethical principle and civil liability, this paper seeks to uncover whether the foundational values of the golden rule can be harmoniously integrated into the legal adjudication of torts, thereby offering a novel lens through which tort liability can be understood and assessed. research questionthe central inquiry of this paper revolves around the feasibility and implications of applying the golden rule within the civil liability system. civil liability, a pivotal aspect of private law, often grapples with the ethical dimensions of actions and their consequences on others. the research question thus formulated is: can the golden rule be effectively applied to the civil liability system, and if so, how does its application influence the determination of liability? this question aims to bridge the gap between ethical imperatives and legal obligations, investigating whether a principle rooted in moral and ethical considerations can provide a viable framework for adjudicating tort claims.research hypothesisthe hypothesis posited in this paper is that the golden rule, with its universal ethical appeal and simplicity, can serve as an effective moral guide within the civil liability system. it is theorized that this ethical principle can be operationalized in legal adjudication, providing a nuanced criterion for evaluating the actions of the tortfeasor in light of potential harm to others. specifically, the application of the golden rule could influence the determination of liability by fostering a non-reciprocal behavior theory, which assesses actions based on the approval or disapproval of the conduct if roles were reversed. this hypothesis suggests that integrating the golden rule into civil code could promote fair conditions of interaction and social cooperation, ultimately guiding the adjudication process towards more equitable outcomes. methodology & framework, if applicableto comprehensively explore the application of the golden rule within the civil liability framework, this paper employs a doctrinal research methodology, using a wide array of sources including legal texts, jurisprudential analysis, and philosophical discourse. this methodological approach allows for an in-depth examination of the conceptual underpinnings of the golden rule and its historical significance across various ethical and religious traditions. furthermore, the paper adopts a non-reciprocal behavior theory as its analytical framework, examining how the golden rule’s ethical mandate of mutual respect and empathy can be translated into legal principles governing civil liability.