دیدگاه بیزی در گذر زمان

توماس بیز بنیانگذار نگاه بیزی در سال 1719 وارد دانشگاه ادینبرو شد که در رشته منطق و الهیات تحصیل کند. در بازگشت سال 1722 در کنار پدر خود در کلیسای کوچکی مشغول فعالیت شد. او همچنین ریاضی دان بود و در سال 1740 کشف بدیعی را نمود که هرگز آنرا منتشر نکرد، اما دوست وی ریچارد پرایس آن را پس از مرگ وی در سال 1761 در میان یادداشت های او یافت، مجدداً ویرایش کرد و آن را منتشر نمود ولی تا زمان لاپلاس کسی بدان اهمیت نداد تا اواخر قرن 18 میلادی که خصوصا در اروپا داده ها از قابلیت اطمینان برابر برخوردار نبودند. پیر- سیمون لاپلاس، ریاضیدان جوان، به این باور رسید که نظریه احتمال کلید را در دست دارد، و او به طور مستقل مکانیسم بیز را کشف کرد و در سال 1774 منتشر کرد. لاپلاس اصل را نه با یک معادله بلکه با کلمات بیان کرد. امروزه آمار بیز به عنوان رشته ای از علم آمار از لحاظ فلسفی و تعبیر احتمال بسیار پراهمیت است و به قضیه بیزکه پس از مرگ بیز ارائه شد معروف گشته است. آلنتورینگ دانشمند علوم کامپیوتر، ریاضیدان و فیلسوف بریتانیایی است که امروزه به عنوان پدر علم کامپیوتر و هوش مصنوعی شناخته می شود. دستاوردهای برجسته او در طول زندگی کوتاهش حاصل ماجراجویی هاییک ذهن زیبا است که در نهایت با مرگی مشکوک برای همیشه خاموش شد. در طول جنگ جهانی، تورینگ در بلچلی پارک مرکز کد شکنی انگلستان مشغول و برای مدتی مسئول بخش مربوط به تحلیل نوشته های رمزی نیروی دریایی آلمان بود. او چند روش و بطور خاص از نگاه بیزی بدون اینکه نامش را ببرد برای شکستن رمزهای آلمان ها ابداع کرد، همینطور روش ماشینی الکترومکانیکی که می توانست ویژگی های ماشین انیگما را پیدا کند نیز در زمره کارهای بزرگ وی می توان قلمداد کرد. آلن تورینگ دانشمندی پیشرو بود که نقش مهمی در توسعه علوم کامپیوتری و هوش مصنوعی و احیای اندیشه بیزی ایفا کرد. تورینگ به کمک آزمایش تورینگ سهم موثر و محرکی در زمینۀ هوش مصنوعی ارائه کرد. او سپس در آزمایشگاه ملی فیزیکدر انگلستان مشغول به کار شد، و یکی از طرح های اولیه برنامه ذخیره شده کامپیوتر را ارائه کرد، هرچند که کار کند، که به عنوان« منچستر مارک 1 » در واقع ساخته نشد. در 1948 به دانشگاه منچستر رفت تا رویاولین کامپیوتر حقیقی دنیا شناخته شد. در هر حال بعدها نقش قاعده و قانون بیز در تحولات علمی روزبروز اهمیت آن آشکارتر میشود. وبسیاری روشهای احتمالی بیزی در قرن بیست و یک پیشرفت های مهمی رادرتبیین و به کار گیری آمار بیزی در توسعه غلمی رقم زده است و معضلات زیادی از دنیا را حل و فصل کرده است تکنولوژی نوین جهانی در گرو اندیشه های بیزی رشد کرده که در این مقاله مروری بر این نگاه خواهد گردید

Bayesian perspective over time

Thomas Bayes, the founder of Bayesian vision, entered the University ofEdinburgh in 1719 to study logic and theology. Returning in 1722, he worked withhis father in a small church. He also was a mathematician and in 1740 he made anovel discovery which he never published, but his friend Richard Price found it in hisnotes after his death in 1761, reeditedit and published it. But until Laplace, no onecared until the late 18th century, when data did not have equal confidence in Europe.Pierre minus; Simon Laplace, a young mathematician, believed that probability theory wasa key in his hand, and he independently discovered the Bayesian mechanism and publishedit in 1774. Laplace expressed the principle not in an equation but in words.Today, Bayesian statistics as a discipline of statistical philosophy and the interpretation of probability is very important and has become known as the Bayesian theorempresented after Bayesian death. Allen Turing is a British computer scientist, mathematicianand philosopher who is now known as the father of computer science and artificialintelligence. His outstanding achievements during his short life are the result of theadventures of a beautiful mind that was finally extinguished forever with a suspiciousdeath. During World War II, Turing worked in Belchley Park, the center of the Britishdecipherment, and for a time was in charge of the German Navy rsquo;s cryptographic analysis.He devised several methods, specifically from Bayesian rsquo;s point of view, withoutbreaking his name to crack German codes, as well as the electromechanical machinemethod that could find the features of the Enigma machine. Finding Enigma can alsobe considered one of his great works. Alan Turing was a leading scientist who playedan important role in the development of computer science and artificial intelligence andthe revival of Bayesian thought. Turing provided an effective and stimulating contributionto artificial intelligence through the Turing experiment. He then worked at theNational Physics Laboratory in the United Kingdom, presenting one of the prototypesof a stored computer program, though it worked, which was not actually made as the rdquo;Manchester Mark rdquo;. He went to the University of Manchester in 1948 to be recognizedas the world rsquo;s first real computer. However, later on, the role of Bayesian rule and lawin scientific developments becomes more important. Many possible Bayesian methodsin the 21st century have made significant advances in the explanation and application ofBayesian statistics in climate development and have solved many of the world rsquo;s problems.New global technology has grown on Bayesian ideas, which will be reviewed intion of probability is very important and has become known as the Bayesian theorempresented after Bayesian death. Allen Turing is a British computer scientist, mathematicianand philosopher who is now known as the father of computer science and artificialintelligence. His outstanding achievements during his short life are the result of theadventures of a beautiful mind that was finally extinguished forever with a suspiciousdeath. During World War II, Turing worked in Belchley Park, the center of the Britishdecipherment, and for a time was in charge of the German Navy rsquo;s cryptographic analysis.He devised several methods, specifically from Bayesian rsquo;s point of view, withoutbreaking his name to crack German codes, as well as the electromechanical machinemethod that could find the features of the Enigma machine. Finding Enigma can alsobe considered one of his great works. Alan Turing was a leading scientist who playedan important role in the development of computer science and artificial intelligence andthe revival of Bayesian thought. Turing provided an effective and stimulating contributionto artificial intelligence through the Turing experiment. He then worked at theNational Physics Laboratory in the United Kingdom, presenting one of the prototypesof a stored computer program, though it worked, which was not actually made as the rdquo;Manchester Mark rdquo;. He went to the University of Manchester in 1948 to be recognizedas the world rsquo;s first real computer. However, later on, the role of Bayesian rule and lawin scientific developments becomes more important. Many possible Bayesian methodsin the 21st century have made significant advances in the explanation and application ofBayesian statistics in climate development and have solved many of the world rsquo;s problems.New global technology has grown on Bayesian ideas, which will be reviewed in this article.