مطالعه فیتوشیمیایی گونه‌های plantago major و plantago lanceolata در شمال ایران

Plantago major l.و plantago lanceolata l.از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮاوان ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺎرﻫﻨﮓ در ﺷﻤﺎل اﯾﺮان ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی داروﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. از اﯾﻨﺮو، در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻫﺸﺖ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ از اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻤﺎل ﮐﺸﻮر ﺟﻤﻊ آوری و از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻓﯿﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺷﺪه در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ p. lanceolataﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ p. majorﺑﻮد. ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺮای ﻓﻨﻮل، آﻧﺘﻮﺳﯿﺎﻧﯿﻦ، ﺳﺎﭘﻮﻧﯿﻦ، ﮐﺎروﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪ و ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﻠﻮل از ﻟﺤﺎظ آﻣﺎری در ﺳﻄﺢ 0/05 ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ p. majorﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻮﻟﮕﻮن و ﭘﺎﻟﻤﯿﺘﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ p. lanceolataﺷﺎﻣﻞ دی -ﮐﺎرون و آدﯾﭙﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ دیاُﮐﺘﯿﻞاﺳﺘﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ و ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎی دارای ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ در ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ، داروﯾﯽ و بهداشتی ﮐﻤﮏ ﺷﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻧﻤﻮد.

phytochemical study of plantago major and plantago lanceolata in north of iran

plantago major and plantago lanceolata are abundant species of plantago in north of iran which are recognized as valuable medicinal plants with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. therefore, in this study, eight populations of these two species were collected from different regions of the north of iran and investigated in terms of phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, saponins, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, soluble sugars, total proteins. the results showed that p. lanceolata had more metabolites on average than p. major. the mean differences for phenols, anthocyanins, saponins, carotenoids and soluble sugars were statistically significant at the level of 0.05; so that the highest mean differences were for soluble sugars, saponins and phenols with 78.84±7.60, 3.83±0.68 and 3.55±0.85 mg/g dry weight, respectively. in addition, the results showed that both species of lafur region had more phenols, saponins and soluble sugars compared to their other populations. analysis of the essential oil of masuleh populations showed that the metabolites in the essential oils of these two species were also different; the pulegon and palmitic acid were the main components of p. major whereas the d-carvone and adipic acid, dioctyl ester were the main components of p. lanceolata. it seems that phytochemical studies could probably be used in the taxonomy of these two species and other species of plantago. these findings will help to select species and populations with higher metabolic content followed by optimal use in the food, pharmaceutical and health industries.