مدیریت ریسک مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی از طریق بیمه

زمینه و هدف: ریسک زیست‌‌محیطی از لحاظ تجربی، شامل احتمال و شدت یک رویداد بالقوه  است که تاثیر نامطلوبی بر محیط ‌زیست دارد. ریسک زیست‌‌محیطی ممکن است علاوه بر وارد کردن خسارت به محیط زیست، منجر به آسیب به اشخاص یا اموال آن‌ها نیز شود. لذا صنعت بیمه در پاسخ به ویژگی‌های پیچیده و واقعی ریسک آلودگی زیست‌محیطی، روش های جدیدی را برای حل مسئله این پدیده خاص در جهان، توسعه داده است. بیمه زیست‌محیطی به عنوان ابزاری برای به عهده گرفتن مسئولیت مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی ناشی از فعالیت‌های صنعتی می‌باشد که در آن چه فرد بیمه‌شده و چه شخص ثالث، با هدف پوشش خسارات مرتبط به آن‌ها، مشخص می‌شوند. این نوع بیمه یک راهکار بازار محور برای کاهش هزینه‌های عملیاتی شرکت‌ها، کاهش هزینه‌های دولتی و پیشرفت در توسعه اقتصادی می‌باشد.روش بررسی: در این پژوهش از روش توصیفی، اکتشافی و توضیحی استفاده می‌شود. پس از تبیین ابعاد موضوع و ارائه نمایی کلی از انواع ریسک‌ها و خسارت‌های ناشی از مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی، سعی شد تا با تکیه بر تجارب بین‌المللی انواع پوشش‌های زیست‌محیطی استخراج گردد. جهت دستیابی به نتایج مورد نظر، به بررسی و تحلیل محتوا اسناد مکتوب و تجارب مستندشده بین‌المللی پرداخته شد.یافته‌ها: الزامات و ساختارهای موردنیاز برای ارائه انواع پوشش‌های بیمه زیست محیطی در کشور هنوز مهیا نیست. پیاده‌سازی بیمه‌گری مقدماتی در بیمه مسئولیت آلودگی زیست‌محیطی به غلبه بر برخی از مشکلات، نیاز دارد. این مشکلات معمولاً به عواملی مرتبط است که فرایند بیمه‌گری را پیچیده می‌کنند. با توجه به اینکه در حال حاضر پژوهش منجسم در این زمینه در کشور انجام نشده است، این پژوهش به بررسی ریسک‌ها و انواع پوشش‌های بیمه زیست‌محیطی در بازار بیمه جهان می‌پردازد تا نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق راه‌گشای مدیران و کارشناسان در ارتقاء شناخت و تلاش برای ارائه این پوشش باشد.بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: برای گسترش ظرفیت بیمه‌گری در بیمه مسئولیت آلودگی زیست‌محیطی و  کاهش ریسک جبران خسارت بیمه‌گران، این پژوهش انجام شد تا بتواند جهت استفاده در بازار بیمه کشور و کاهش آسیب‌های اقتصادی ناشی از آن کمک‌کننده باشد. لذا،  تقسیم‌بندی انواع ریسک زیست‌محیطی، قابلیت بیمه شدن ریسک زیست محیطی، انواع پوشش بیمه زیست محیطی، نمونه‌هایی از مدل‌های ارزیابی و قیمت‌گذاری ریسک زیست محیطی و روش‌های انتقال ریسک آن بیان گردید.

risk management of environmental risks through insurance

background and objective: experimental environmental risk includes the probability and severity of a potential event that has an adverse effect on the environment. environmental risk may, in addition to causing loss to the environment, also lead to damage to persons or their property. therefore, in response to the complex and real characteristics of environmental pollution risk, the insurance industry has developed new methods to solve the problem of this particular phenomenon in the world. environmental insurance is a tool to take responsibility for the environmental risks arising from industrial activities in which both the insured and the third party are identified in order to cover the related damages. this type of insurance is a market-oriented solution to reduce corporate operating costs, reduce government costs and advance economic development.material and methodology: in this research, descriptive, exploratory and explanatory methods are used. after explaining the dimensions of the issue and providing an overview of the types of risks and damages caused by environmental hazards, it was tried to extract different types of environmental coatings based on international experiences. in order to achieve the desired results, the content of written documents and internationally documented experiences were examined and analyzed.findings: the requirements and structures required to provide various types of environmental insurance coverage in the country are not yet available. implementing basic insurance in environmental pollution liability insurance requires overcoming some problems. these problems are usually related to factors that complicate the insurance process. therefore, considering that no comprehensive research has been conducted in this field in the country, in order to expand the insurance capacity in environmental pollution liability insurance and reduce the risk of compensation for insurers in the country, this study examines the risks and types of environmental insurance coverage in the global insurance market, the results of this research will pave the way for managers and experts in promoting knowledge and efforts to provide this coverage.discussion and conclusion: in order to expand the insurance capacity in environmental pollution liability insurance and reduce the risk of compensation for insurers, this study was conducted to be useful for use in the country’s insurance market and reduce the economic damage caused by it. therefore, the classification of types of environmental risk, the ability to insure environmental risk, the types of environmental insurance coverage, examples of environmental risk assessment and pricing models and methods of risk transfer were stated.background and objective: experimental environmental risk includes the probability and severity of a potential event that has an adverse effect on the environment. environmental risk may, in addition to causing loss to the environment, also lead to damage to persons or their property. therefore, in response to the complex and real characteristics of environmental pollution risk, the insurance industry has developed new methods to solve the problem of this particular phenomenon in the world. environmental insurance is a tool to take responsibility for the environmental risks arising from industrial activities in which both the insured and the third party are identified in order to cover the related damages. this type of insurance is a market-oriented solution to reduce corporate operating costs, reduce government costs and advance economic development.material and methodology: in this research, descriptive, exploratory and explanatory methods are used. after explaining the dimensions of the issue and providing an overview of the types of risks and damages caused by environmental hazards, it was tried to extract different types of environmental coatings based on international experiences. in order to achieve the desired results, the content of written documents and internationally documented experiences were examined and analyzed.findings: the requirements and structures required to provide various types of environmental insurance coverage in the country are not yet available. implementing basic insurance in environmental pollution liability insurance requires overcoming some problems. these problems are usually related to factors that complicate the insurance process. therefore, considering that no comprehensive research has been conducted in this field in the country, in order to expand the insurance capacity in environmental pollution liability insurance and reduce the risk of compensation for insurers in the country, this study examines the risks and types of environmental insurance coverage in the global insurance market, the results of this research will pave the way for managers and experts in promoting knowledge and efforts to provide this coverage.discussion and conclusion: in order to expand the insurance capacity in environmental pollution liability insurance and reduce the risk of compensation for insurers, this study was conducted to be useful for use in the country’s insurance market and reduce the economic damage caused by it. therefore, the classification of types of environmental risk, the ability to insure environmental risk, the types of environmental insurance coverage, examples of environmental risk assessment and pricing models and methods of risk transfer were stated.background and objective: experimental environmental risk includes the probability and severity of a potential event that has an adverse effect on the environment. environmental risk may, in addition to causing loss to the environment, also lead to damage to persons or their property. therefore, in response to the complex and real characteristics of environmental pollution risk, the insurance industry has developed new methods to solve the problem of this particular phenomenon in the world. environmental insurance is a tool to take responsibility for the environmental risks arising from industrial activities in which both the insured and the third party are identified in order to cover the related damages. this type of insurance is a market-oriented solution to reduce corporate operating costs, reduce government costs and advance economic development.